A PANEL STUDY OF INCOME DYNAMICS: PROCEDURES AND TAPE CODES 1979 INTERVIEWING YEAR WAVE XII A SUPPLEMENT Conducted under Contract with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Department of Health, Education and Welfare Survey Research Center INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 1980 ii Preface Volumes I and II of A Panel Study of Income Dynamics contain tape codes, indexes, available data, questionnaires and procedures specific to our first five years of data collection (1968-1972). These volumes also describe the early history of the study and some of the basic procedures that are common to all twelve years of interviewing. Seven supplemental volumes, including this one, cover procedures, codes and questionnaires for Waves VI-XII. We have now published seven volumes of analysis in the series called Five Thousand American Families--Patterns of Economic Progress. (Because members of original panel families are added to the sample when they move away from home, there are now 6373 families in the study.) Volume VIII, which will appear in spring 1980, will include chapters on information and influence networks in labor markets, persistence in unemployment among adult men, determinants of expected and actual retirement, authority at work, effects of community and family on subsequent achievement, analysis of life events, sex differences in measurement error in status attainment, disability, Reverse Annuity Mortgages, utility costs, gasoline expendi- tures, and a summary of research carried out elsewhere using PSID data. We would welcome contributions to include in this summary in 1981. Preparations are under way for our thirteenth wave of interviewing with funding provided by the Department of Health and Human Services (HEW) and the National Science Foundation. Staff Greg J. Duncan and James N. Morgan are the study's principal resear- chers. Others responsible include Joan Brinser, C. Gaye Burpee, Richard D. Coe, Mary Corcoran, Linda Datcher, Anita Ernst, Peggy Gunnesch, Priscilla Hildebrandt, Dan H. Hill, Martha S. Hill, Peggy Hoad, Tecla Loup, Michael A. Nolte, Anne Sears and Charles Stallman. To our regret Paula Pelletier and her husband have moved to the State University of New York at Stonybrook. iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Section I: Procedures for the 1979 Interviewing Year . . . . . . 1 Part 1: New Questions, Interviewing Procedures, 1979 Occupa- tion Codes, Independent Part Samples, Weights, Data Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Part 2: 1979 Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Part 3: Editing Procedures and Worksheets . . . . . . . . . . 9 Part 4: Coding Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Part 5: Generated Variables and Additional Data . . . . . . . 15 Part 6: Data Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Part 7: Notes on Use of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Part 8: Twelve-Year Family-Individual Hierarchical Database . 21 Section II: Tape Codes for Wave XII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Part 1: Twelfth-Year Family Tape Code . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Section III: Indexes (Part 1-Part 3 [Alphabetical and Numerical Indexes] are not included) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Part 4: Index of the 1979 Employment Sections . . . . . . . . 212 v vi SECTION I PROCEDURES FOR THE 1979 INTERVIEWING YEAR Part 1: New Questions, Interviewing Procedures, 1979 Occupation Codes, Independent Part Samples, Weights, Data Quality New Questions The employment section for wives was expanded in the 1979 question- naire to include many of the employment questions asked of household heads. The principal difference was that heads answered the questions for their wives as well as for themselves. The series of questions about the jobs and earnings of family members over 15 years old, other than head and wife, was also expanded and combined with old and new questions about education. These extra earners are mostly children of the head and the new combination of questions made it easier to sort out who were in school full time, worked full time, combined a job with education, or neither worked nor went to school. Questions were revived from several years ago asking respondents if they did any work themselves on their cars or on their houses and, if so, what kind of work they did, how much time it took them, and how much money it saved them. We also asked if respondents saved money raising, freezing, or canning their own food. Finally, there were a few new questions about the impact of inflation on day to day living and on retirement plans. Interviewing was moderately peaceful. The interviewers' jobs were simplified by a member of the study staff who was always available by telephone to help solve problems and provide information and advice. Interviewers in the field did most of the telephone interviewing, backed up very ably by the Ann Arbor telephone interviewers who were extremely skill- ful at getting difficult interviews. We had to write more persuasion let- ters than usual but better than 60 percent of them worked. Average time for the interview was 28 minutes. The lag between the interview and the payment was reduced this year by issuing checks to respondents as soon as their interviews were logged in instead of waiting until they were processed. This comforted respondents who tend to worry that their money has been lost in the mail. In 1980 we plan to pay $9.00 for the interview instead of the usual $7.50 and hope thereafter to raise the price a little each year. We will continue to pay $5.00 for returning the address correction postcard. We took 6373 interviews out of 6585 for an overall response rate of 96.8 percent. If recombined families and people who had died or were too ill to talk to us are subtracted from the base, the response rate rises to 97.5 percent. We interviewed 373 new splitoff families (86.5 percent of a possible 431) and we were able to interview 98.2 percent of the 1978 respondents who were still alive and well enough to talk to us. The study now has respondents in 725 counties, 18 independent cities (these are units of government that in some cases have replaced counties), all the states except Montana, The District of Columbia, and 11 foreign countries. 1 2 Occupation Codes We used the Survey Research Center's two digit occupation code in the 1979 employment sections for heads and wives. However, in order to be com- parable to past interviews, the one digit code continued to be used in the New Head Section for the head's first job and the head's father's occupa- tion. Data Quality In 1979 a few more interviews were taken by telephone than in 1978 (Table 2), and there was a slight decrease in the number of interviews taken with the head of the family (Table 3). A few more people than usual refused to give us financial information (see the number of assignments in Table 4). This reticence may have been suggested by the following state- ment which (as of 1979) begins the interview: "This interview is complete- ly voluntary and confidential--in addition if we should come to any ques- tion which you don't want to answer, just let me know and we'll go on to the next question." The response rate remains unchanged at 97 percent (Table 1). 3 Table 1 ANNUAL AND CUMULATIVE PANEL RESPONSE RATES* ______________________________________________________________________ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent Year ------------------------------------------------- Annual Cumulative ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1968 76 76 1969 89 68 1970 97 66 1971 97 64 1972 97 62 1973 97 61 1974 97 59 1975 97 57 1976 96 55 1977 97 53 1978 97 51 1979 97 49 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- *The deceased, those too ill to be interviewed, and recombined families have not been removed from the base. 4 Table 2 PROPORTION OF INTERVIEWS BY TELEPHONE ______________________________________________________________________ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Unweighted Year Sample Size Telephone Percent of Interviews Sample ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1968 4,802 -- -- 1969 4,460 -- -- 1970 4,655 67 1.4 1971 4,840 108 2.2 1972 5,060 134 2.6 1973 5,185 4,047 76.6 1974 5,517 4,554 82.5 1975 5,725 4,836 84.5 1976 5,862 5,360 91.4 1977 6,007 5,040 83.9 1978 6,154 5,283 85.8 1979 6,373 5,635 88.4 5 Table 3 PROPORTION OF FAMILY HEADS INTERVIEWED _________________________________________________________________________ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proportion of Year Total Interviews Sample by Head ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1968 4,802 92.6 1969 4,460 93.1 1970 4,655 93.2 1971 4,840 93.3 1972 5,060 93.5 1973 5,285 91.1 1974 5,517 90.0 1975 5,725 88.3 1976 5,862 92.6 1977 6,007 90.0 1978 6,254 90.2 1979 6,373 88.5 6 Table 4* TOTAL ACCURACY CODES ON HUSBAND AND WIFE INCOME VARIABLES ____________________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 or Year of Data 0 1 2 3 More Total -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1968 94.0 2.5 2.6 0.2 0.8 100.0 1969 95.6 1.6 1.9 0.1 0.8 100.0 1970 96.9 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.5 100.0 1971 97.7 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.4 100.0 1972 97.8 0.8 1.1 0.0 0.3 100.0 1973 97.9 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 100.0 1974 98.2 0.9 0.7 0.0 0.2 100.0 1975 98.3 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.2 100.0 1976 97.0 1.2 1.6 0.1 0.2 100.0 1977 97.4 1.1 1.2 0.0 0.3 100.0 1978 97.4 0.7 1.3 0.1 0.5 100.0 1979 96.1 0.8 2.3 0.1 0.7 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------- *Table 4 is based on four variables: Accuracy of Head's Labor Income (V6392 + V6397) Accuracy of Wife's Labor Income (V6399) Accuracy of Asset Income of Head and Wife (V6407) Accuracy here is determined by the number of assignments made by the editors in order to recreate data missing from an interview. The more assignments, the less reliable the data. The accuracy code values and their meanings are: 0. Adequate response: No assignments made. 1. Minor assignment: Response was inadequate, but estimates could be made within a probable error of under $300 or 10 percent of the assignment by using previous years' data or other data in the interview. 2. Major assignment: Response was inadequate, and estimates had a probable error of at least $300 and at least 10 percent of the value of the assignment, using any information available in previous interviews or in the current one. Usually these values were assigned from an assignment table. 7 This table shows the sum of the accuracy codes for the three dif- ferent income measures. The maximum number possible here would be eight for married couples, six for single heads. 8 Independent Part Samples The use of part samples is suggested for separating the selection of a preferred model from the assessment of its stability and power. Simple random subsamples are not independent of the rest of the sample because of the clustered nature of area probability samples. Therefore, four in- dependent quarter-samples are designated in the code (V6803). How much of the sample should be reserved for statistical testing depends on how unsure one is about the best model and how important the estimation and testing of one optimal model is felt to be. For illustrations of the results of this separation of the searching from the assessing procedures, see the volumes of findings, Five Thousand American Families--Patterns of Economic Progress, Volume I, pp. 6-8 and pp. 342-344; Volume II, Chapter 9; and Volume IV, Chapter 2 (Survey Research Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan). Weights The sample was reweighted in 1978. For a detailed description of how this was done, see A Panel Study of Income Dynamics 1978 Interviewing Year, Wave XI, page 6. Part 2: 1979 Questionnaire The 1979 questionnaire with variable numbers from the merged family tape was included in the original published documentation. It is not in- cluded in this machine readable version. You may obtain a paper version of the "1979 Questionnaire with Vari- able Numbers" by sending a request by e-mail to "psid.staff@umich.edu" or by US mail to Jean Yeung, 3263 ISR, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248. Part 3: Editing Procedures and Worksheets The editing process serves three main purposes: (1) accounting for all year-to-year changes in family membership, (2) rectifying discrepancies within the interview before coding, and (3) calculating and recording numeric data on the worksheets for keypunching. It is a complicated task requiring a high degree of accuracy, so each interview is checked by another editor. Each interview is screened for discrepancies requiring a return trip to the field. Family composition editing and occupation coding are the next step. Finally, the massive edit is done, and interviews are con- sidered "clean" for coding. The full array of past interviews is available to editors, though only the past year's interview is usually consulted to solve problems. They are used when the current interview is vague, contradictory, or incomplete despite previous attempts to clarify problems. Project staff closely oversee the editing process, and substantive decisions regarding the han- dling of specific problems are made by this staff. The techniques used to edit all previous waves were used to edit Wave XII. Detailed discussion of these techniques will be found in the documen- tation of Waves I-V of this survey. Family Composition Editing All people in a Panel family last year must be accounted for this year--either in the old family or as having moved out to form a new family. Sample members who move out are followed and interviewed in the new family. Family composition editing remains unchanged. Wave XII Changes REPAIRS & HOME PRODUCTION For Wave XII only, we added a group of questions in Section A on car repairs done by FU members (type of repair, time spent, amount saved in 1978); in Section B a similar group on home repairs; and in Section J a couple of questions on raising or preserving food (amount saved in 1978). Similar questions were asked during the first 5 waves of interviewing (1968-1972). See the alphabetical index for variable numbers and Documen- tation Volume II (Waves I-V) for exact wording of the questions. Note that we have a code for amount saved in 1978 (V6318=0299, V6335=00299, V6385=0299) that does not mean "$299" but "more than $200, NA or DK how much." ASSIGNMENT TABLES In Wave XII, for the first time, we used an inflation factor in some of our assignment tables. The tables were first drawn in the usual manner using last year's (Wave XI) data, then each figure was increased by the percent of inflation for that category. The inflation factors were derived 9 10 from the Implicit Price Deflators of the Commerce Department's Survey of Current Business, January 1979, by comparing the 4th quarter of 1977 to the 4th quarter of 1978. The factors used are as follows: House Value for Homeowners (V6319), 13% (note that if we have a house value for this house from last year's interview we used it, plus 10%, with an accuracy code of "1" in preference to the table value which always carries an accuracy code "2.") Annual Rent for Renters (V6326), 8% Imputed Annual Rent for Nonowners/Nonrenters (V6330), 8% Annual Utilities (V6332), 8% Annual Food Cost Except Food Stamps (V6376), 12% Annual Cost of Eating Out (V6378), 12% MORTGAGE ASSIGNMENTS Because of rising interest rates, we have increased the percentages used in calculating remaining mortgage principle (V6321) and annual mortgage payments (V6323) where missing data makes assignment of these values necessary. If R has moved in the last year we now use 10% tables (instead of 8%) and if R has not moved we use 8% tables (instead of 6%). PROPERTY TAX We are again asking the annual property tax for homeowners as we have for all years except Wave XI. No assignments were made for missing data. WIFE'S WORK We expanded the questions about Wife's work to three sections parallel to (although not quite as detailed as) Head's three work sections. We plan to keep this expanded format in future years. CHILD CARE A series of questions on child care was included at the end of Section J. Note that our interviewing period (March-July) includes both part of the school year and summer vacation, so that the arrangements for school age children may depend on when the interview was taken. These questions will not be asked next year. HEAD & WIFE INCOME We have made two separate questions for income from "Market Gardening" and "Roomers and Boarders" which constituted a single question in previous waves. This change was made to facilitate editing and will be retained for future waves. 11 EXTRA EARNERS We have considerably expanded and modified the Extra Earners questions from a single column asked only for FU members who had income, to two pages asked for every FU member (other than Head and Wife) age 16 or older. In addition to the questions previously asked, we have added one on current employment status. We have also added questions about number of weeks in school during 1978 and highest grade completed, and have dropped the ques- tions in Section A about FU members who stopped going to school in the last year. A much briefer set of questions also picked up income data for children under 16. Unfortunately, in reformatting these questions, we neglected to ask for work hours of those who held jobs--an oversight that will be corrected in Wave XIII. Thus, except where the respondent volun- teered the information, all work hours for children under 16 had to be as- signed. The 1979 edit worksheets with variable numbers from the merged family tape was included in the original published documentation. It is not in- cluded in this machine readable version. You may obtain a paper version of the "1979 Edit Worksheets with Vari- able Numbers" by sending a request by e-mail to "psid.staff@umich.edu" or by US mail to Jean Yeung, 3263 ISR, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248. 12 Part 4: Coding Procedures Introduction After each interview has been edited as described in Part 3, the remaining information is coded. This process converts nonnumerical answers into numbers. With open-ended questions, it is a matter of some importance how reliable this coding process is and, particularly in a panel study, whether the procedures are stable from one year to the next. Systematical- ly changed procedures can do more damage than a little random error. The stability of this process from year to year, or coding "drift," has been studied; the results may be found in the 1973 manual.1 In this section only the question of reliability, or intercoder variance, is dealt with. This reliability is essentially a measure of the ambiguity of the codes and accuracy of the coders. This year the Direct Data Entry system was used in coding. This sys- tem bypasses the keypunch operation. The Coding Section has staff to help in the design of the screens. They work with the Panel Study staff to work out internal consistency checks and any problems special to a particular study. Coders are trained by a member of the staff before they are allowed to production-code interviews. Training consists of a short talk on the his- tory and purpose of the study and answers to questions the coders may have about the study in general. The coders are then required to code two prac- tice interviews which illustrate some of the problems that might be en- countered during production-coding. Approximately 10 percent of the interviews (631) were coded twice-- once by the coder and a second time by the staff member (or check coder). Check coding consists of an item-by-item check of the coded values in- dependently coded by a second person. This enables the staff to determine before many interviews have been coded whether any coder is having dif- ficulty and if any particular codes are causing unnecessary problems. A difference is a disagreement between the coder and the check coder. Differences become errors when they are so judged by the check coder. Most errors which are not caught during check coding are discovered and cor- rected during data cleaning operations. This procedure assumes that when the coder and check coder are in agreement, no error was made. Coding Errors There was only one error of 2.5 percent or over: Date of Interview. This is a bracket code, and there are always problems with them. The coders will think they know the code, when in fact they do not. And they ___________________________________________________________________________ 1Procedures and Tape Codes, 1973 Interviewing Year, Wave VI, a Sup- plement, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1973, pp. 45- 61. 13 therefore will use the wrong code. This will be corrected on the 1980 code. Coding Disagreements The first disagreement, V6461, Number in FU was because the coders used the number the pre-editors pre-code for the total number of lines used on the Family Listing Worksheet rather than counting only those listed as in the family. The pre-coded number included those that had moved out. Question A10, V6476, the complexity of auto repairs, had 7.6 percent disagreements because of the differences of opinion on how complex some repairs are. Questions B23 and B26 (V's 6486 and 6489) use the same code for why the respondent has moved since the previous interview, if he has, and why he might move in the future, if he might. The majority of disagreements in these variables were between code 8 and codes 5, 6, and 7. Code 8 is a catch-all category; ambiguous or mixed reasons are put there, and in the variety of responses it is easy to put complicated replies into it. Question B28 (V6491), complexity of house repairs. The disagreements were on how complex some repairs were. Disagreements about question C14 (V6503) "Why is it (the new job) (better/worse)?" were a matter of interpretation of the answers given by the respondents. They usually do not use the same wording as in the code. This is a problem with questions asked every year. The code must remain the same to maintain consistency, but respondents are not always consis- tent. The disagreements on question C36 (V6524) "How is that?" (how the respondent was paid if not salaried or hourly) were caused by there not being clear definition of some of the categories. Also, some respondents were not clear on just how they were paid. Question C57 (V6544), "Why is that?" (why the respondent would not be willing to move to earn more money) had a high disagreement rate because the code used was from previous years and the respondents do not use the same wording as in the code. The coders had problems trying to fit what was said into the code. Question J8 (V6665), "Does anyone else here in the household help with the housework?" was complicated by the interviewer checkpoint. The inter- viewer did not always check the right box and the coders did not catch it. This is a problem when coders are coding along and not reading carefully what they are coding; they just code whatever is checked. V's 6669 and 6670, questions J38 and J39, "How is your (youngest) child taken care of during work hours?" and (If in school) "What about after school or when school is closed?" had disagreements because coders had some difficulties understanding priority codes. Most of these dif- ficulties were taken care of early in the coding process. 14 Question K65 (V6694) "Would you feel you had to support your parents or other relatives (more) if you had more money?" disagreements were be- tween codes 1 and 3, deciding when a response was qualified or not. Questions K70, K72, and K73 (V's 6699, 6700, 6702, 6703, and 6705) "What are they?" (What kind of high prices hit them particularly hard), "What have you done?" (about the high prices), and "How have they changed?" (the respondents plans about retirement) are all new questions this year. The coders again had problems with the "other" category being low priority. Summary of Reliability Table 5 RELIABILITY SCORES _______________________________________________________________________ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Errors 2.5 percent or over: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Question Number Variable Number Percent Error ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Interview V6459 7.5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Disagreements 2.5 percent or over: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Question Number Variable Number Percent Error ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Number in FU V6461 2.5 A10 V6476 7.6 B23 V6486 5.7 B26 V6489 10.8 B28 V6491 9.2 C14 V6503 4.3 C36 V6524 2.9 C57 V6544 5.0 J8 V6665 3.8 J38, J39 V6669 3.0 V6670 5.0 K65 V6694 7.5 K70 V6699 5.2 V6700 5.7 K72 V6702 4.0 V6703 3.0 K74 V6705 8.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Overall coding error rates for 1979 are .55 per interview. Al- though most of the coding staff were new to the Panel Study and to the Direct Data Entry System, they were all experienced coders and did a good job. 15 Part 5: Generated Variables and Additional Data Various indexes, bracket variables, and complex measures of economic status have been constructed each year using variables derived directly from coded interview data. Each year changes in the interview schedule have made additions and deletions of indexes necessary. In general, if an index could not be built to be exactly comparable to a previous index, no index was constructed. Income Several measures of economic status have been generated for all twelve years, including money income variables and measures of income adequacy. Family Money Income, one of the simplest indexes, is the total of all mem- bers' earnings, transfers, and capital income (1979: V6766). Total real income and net real income could not be created in 1979 because there was incomplete information about nonmoney income. Ratio of Income to Needs Measurement of a family's economic status requires comparison of the family's income with some measure of its needs. A full description of the needs standard used by the Panel Study is found in our documentation volume for Wave VII, 1974. For analytical purposes, a convenient measure of this relationship is expressed by a ratio of family income to family needs. To- tal Family Money Income (V6766) divided by Annual Need Standard (V6364) is the only income to needs ratio available for 1979 (V6769). Note that the need standard is not adjusted for inflation. Bracket Variables Several numerical variables, such as family money income, had been, until Wave X, given also as bracket (interval) codes. Such interval codes had been constructed for most of the measures where a distribution was use- ful and appropriate. This includes practically all of the income variables and their components. For Waves X-XII we have provided in the Tape Codes three pieces of information which allow a user to bracket as his own uses dictate: (1) percent 0, (2) percent non 0, and (3) Mean Value of non 0. This information is provided for any variable for which a bracket was provided in 1976. Race Because the interview schedules are now designed for telephone use, race of respondent, which comes from interviewer observation, has not been obtained for several years. Respondents were assigned race from 1972 data. In the case of splitoffs, race was assigned from 1972 data of the main family (V6802). Regional Data Measures In addition to personality and behavior, locational and environmental factors are potentially important determinants of an individual's economic status. Consequently, the interview data have been supplemented with in- 16 formation on the employment and income characteristics of the county where the panel family lives. Questionnaires are sent each year to state employ- ment offices asking about current labor market conditions in these coun- ties. Low Income Tax Credit An "earned income credit" was available for Federal Income Tax Year 1978 to low-income workers who maintained a household and had dependent children. The credit may provide a refund or subsidy up to $400. We have created this as a separate variable (V6789). It can be subtracted from To- tal Estimated Federal Income Tax of Head and Wife (V6411) to find the added savings in taxes or income subsidy that it gives low-income families. Eligibility for the credit was figured for Heads and Wives in the fol- lowing way: (1) assuming that all Heads maintain a household (pay at least half the expenses of the household), then (2) Number of Children in Family Unit Under 18 (V6465) must be greater than zero, and (3) Earned Income, To- tal Taxable Income of Head and Wife (V6408) minus Rent, Interest, Dividends, etc. (V6404) must be greater than zero and less than $8,000 be- cause the credit is based on earned income, and any credit disappears at earned income of $8,000. The credit was computed in the following manner: (1) From Total Tax- able Income of Head and Wife (V6408), subtract $4,000 with negative amounts equaling zero; (2) subtract 10% of the amount in (1) from 10% of Earned In- come as described in above paragraph (this amount not to exceed $400). For example: Total Taxable Income = $5,000 Earned Income = $4,800 10% of Earned Income = $ 400 (really $480, but the limit is $400) 10% of Total Taxable Income minus $4,000 = $ 100 ($5,000 - $4,000) x .10 Low Income Credit = $ 300 applied to taxes or paid as subsidy Marital Status We have asked a new series of Marital Status questions in the inter- view for the last three years. V6790 is a recoding of these new questions to make Marital Status comparable to past years. In all years before 1977, a respondent's answer to Marital Status was edited to conform to our definitions. (See Tape Code V's 6659-6661.) This year we again created a "Year-to-Year Change in Marital Status" variable (V6812) comparable to last year's V6219. This variable reflects Head's Change in Marital Status from 1978 to 1979. 17 AFDC Maximum Monthly Allowance We have added a variable (V6318) to the dataset which is the maximum monthly dollar benefit that the state of residence of the Respondent allows for a family of four (one adult and three children). This allowance is "for all basic needs" as defined by the state. The figures are from Social Security Bulletin, September 1979, Vol. 42, No. 9, pp. 11-21 and are "as of April 1, l978." Part 6: Data Available For each year of this study, both an individual unit and a family unit tape have been created. In addition, the family tape has been merged with the previous years' family tapes so that there are two through twelve year merged family tapes. The individual tapes were merged for five through twelve year bases only. Two tapes have also been created using the 1967 S.E.O. data for that part of the sample that was originally interviewed by the Census. For a detailed description of these tapes, see A Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Volume I, 1972. Briefly, the annual family tapes include one record for each family interviewed that year. The family-individual tapes contain one record for each individual in these families. Included on each record is information specific to the individual plus all the data for the family in which the person was living that year. The twelve-year merged family tape contains all twelve years of data for every family interviewed in 1979 (including the 1976 wives' data). The record for a family which was formed after 1968 contains the data for the main family for the years before the new unit split off. The twelve-year individual tape contains the data for the family in which the individual was living each of the twelve years and all twelve years of individual in- formation. The tape contains records for the following individuals: a. Sample members living in the Panel families (or in institutions) in 1968 through 1979. b. Sample members who were born after 1968. The individual data for these children contain zeros for the years before they were born except for their 1968 person numbers. c. Sample members who were living in Panel families in 1968 but who sub- sequently died or moved out and were not followed. The records for the years after these members left contain zeros. Their weight is also zero. These records should only be used to generate 1968 family composition variables (e.g., number of pre- school children). A few of these persons have moved back into the Panel. Data was again inserted for the years in which they have been present. 1979 weights are present for such persons if they are still in the Panel. d. Nonsample members living with Panel families in 1979 who moved in after 1968. Individual information before they moved in contains 18 zeros, except for the 1968 person numbers, and their weight is also zero. There is a variable on the merged individual tape specifying the type of individual record for years one through five only. This may, however, be updated by the user. This tape is very long (approximately 21,000 records with 12,700 tape locations), so machine capacity should be considered before attempting analysis on this tape. All inquiries for information about this study should be in writing to: Member Services, Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. Refer to Project 457701. Part 7: Notes on Use of Data Tricky Aspects of a Self-Replacing Panel In order to use panel data, one must understand the demography of populations that are continually being replaced. The average age of such a population does not change, even though each member ages, because each year a few very old people die and are "replaced" by some very young ones. Due to this replacement, a panel containing the same families never represents aggregate trends. The Panel data allow one to look at the history of any family which contains sample members in the most recent year, but this implies the introduction of duplicate family records for earlier years in cases where the members of that early family have divided into two or more current ones. To average the 1967 income for all families in the 1979 Panel, then, does not give a measure of the average income of all families in 1967. Restricting the analysis to families with the same heads of households all twelve years may eliminate too much; the "same head" subgroup is excellent for following fortunes of people over the period, but not for describing national trends. For instance, the splitoffs, who are mostly just entering the labor force, suffer the most unemployment, move the most, have the largest increases in income. For some purposes, it might prove optimal to study year-to-year chan- ges for all units with the same head for those two years, minimizing the population turnover problem. For others, it is clearly best to look at in- dividuals so only those who die or disappear are lost. Means for these in- dividuals or their subgroups will, except for nonresponse, represent national trends. Employment Sequences The user may have observed that each head of household is asked a dif- ferent sequence of questions, based on his reply to Question C1, "We would like to know about your (Head's) present job--are you (Head) working now, looking for work, retired, a housewife, or what?" Current employment status may be irrelevant to 1979 labor force participation, especially in these times of high unemployment; therefore, we have continued with an in- dex which tabulates all variables in the sequence V6493-V6589, as some of 19 the questions in each of the three employment-related sections are similar. Please see Section III, Part 4, for further details. On Creating a Family Tape From the Merged Eleven-Year Individual Tape Since the twelve-year individual tape is very unwieldy with its almost 21,000 cases and 12,700 tape locations, and the researcher might well be interested in analyzing the data largely from a family basis, it was thought helpful to append suggestions on the creation of a family file from the individual data. The structure of the individual file combines family data for each person in the family unit with that person's unique individual information. Each individual is assigned a unique sequence number (V7042) which indi- cates that person's position on the 1979 list of people in the family; thus, the first person listed is 01, the second person listed is 02, and so on. To create a family file, it is necessary only to write off onto a new tape those cases where V7042 = 01, since each family must have at least one member, although it may or may not have two or more. It is suggested that V7042 be used as opposed to V7043, relationship to head, because although each family has one and only one current head (i.e., where V7042 = 01-20), it is possible that the head of the family has moved out since the previous interview and a new head has become ensconced. Relationship to head of movers-out is coded with reference to last year's head, so for both the current head and the previous head, V7043 = 1. College Ratings Four college ratings for college attended by Head and four college ratings for college attended by Wife were added to the data set in Wave VIII (1975). These ratings were updated in Wave IX (1976) only for new heads and new wives; i.e., most of the 1976 variables are coded zero. The best way to use these variables is to sum each pair, as one of the pair will always be zero. Head: V4216+V5088, V4217+V5089, V4218+V5090, V4219+V5091 Wife: V4220+V5092, V4221+V5093, V4222+V5094, V4223+V5095. 20 Part 8: Twelve-Year Family-Individual Hierarchical Database The purpose of this section is to acquaint the users of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics database with recent changes in local data processing procedures. Each yearly addition of data is now incorporated into the database through OSIRIS.IV structured file processing procedures. Although the database will continue to be distributed in the rectangular format of previous years, it will be generated as an OSIRIS.IV structured or hierarchical file. The following discussion provides a general overview of the current structure of the PSID database. Because the PSID continues to follow families (and individuals within these families) from year to year, the complexity of the data management process has grown in proportion to the database. Coping with change in family composition while remaining within an annual processing schedule is one dimension of this problem. Maintenance of within-year and cross-year data consistency is yet another. During the first five years of data collection, problems arising in merging and updating cross-year data were relatively easy to solve within the constraints of the then existing computing environment. As the database continued to expand, a variety of hardware and software limita- tions began to hamper the data management process. By the ninth year of data collection, the PSID Family-Individual File resided on five 1600 BPI tape reels, with an N of 21,000 and a logical record length of 9381 bytes per case.1 Processing a file of this magnitude, while not impossible, consumed a considerable amount of computing and person time. Because of this the PSID study staff began to seek alternative processing methods. STRUCTURED FILE DEVELOPMENT Before moving to a structured file system, the PSID data management staff spent a considerable amount of time developing an abstract structure, or schema, that would provide for optimal organization of the study's data. Since any proposed structure had to satisfy all data retrieval needs for PSID researchers, the schema required would minimally have to provide for the retrieval of: a current year family file, a cross-year family file, a current year family-individual file, and a cross-year family-individual file.2 At the same time, study staff were aware of the potential needs of ___________________________________________________________________________ 1By contrast, the 10 Year structured file occupied the equivalent of 1.4 1600BPI tape reels. 2The current year family and the cross-year family files each contain one family level data record for each sample family responding in the cur- rent year; additionally, each record in the cross-year family file is preceded by its family data from all previous years. The current-year and the cross-year family-individual files contain one record for each in- dividual who is a member of a responding family in the current year. The current-year family-individual file contains each family member's in- 21 22 non-ISR users of the database. Most, if not all, users of PSID data re- quire rectangularized data records. Moreover, new versions of the database are expected to be received in a format that is compatible with previous versions. As a result, rectangular files retrieved from the structured database are compatible in all respects with previous datasets and with their documentation. The Complexity of Family Structure. Over the years the PSID data management staff have become as concerned with the accurate representation of family composition as they have been with the accurate assessment of family economic structure. Since many of the derived income measures, (e.g., the ratio of family income to family needs) are based on the number of people living in the household, it is es- sential that the correct individuals appear on the interview schedule. The PSID follows all new families that split off from the original 1968 root (sample) family; therefore it is not uncommon to find individuals who move between different sample families. Other common changes in family struc- ture, such as divorce and remarriage (to original or new partners), as well as less common occurrences such as marriage between members of different 1968 root families (three such cases exist at present), do much to compli- cate all aspects of PSID data handling procedures. The PSID database is bounded by three elements: family, individual, and time. Within a given year's data, there exists a natural hierarchy since each set of individual records is linked to one family record. However, the introduction of the time element destroys the usefulness of a simple family-individual hierarchy. Over time, a family may experience a great deal of structural change: sample members leave and start their own homes (and may later reenter their original family), new sample members are born in, and non-sample members move in and out. Because these family changes are so widespread and because individuals frequently move between sample families over time, it is impossible to link a set of individuals who are living together as a family in the current year to one common fami- ly history. Individuals who are living together now may have been members of different families in previous years. Linking them all to one set of supposedly shared past family records would be inaccurate. Also, when there are radical changes in family structure over time it is often quite difficult to devise a rule that determines which branch family is most rep- resentative of the 1968 root family line. Actually it is somewhat confusing to say that the PSID follows families over time. From a data management perspective, the PSID does not follow families from year to year; rather, it follows individuals who ag- gregate themselves into families at discrete points in time. The study collects family data each year and introduces new sample members who are born into a family into the database, but to the data processing staff, ___________________________________________________________________________ dividual level data preceded by his or her family level information for the current year. A record on the cross-year family-individual file consists of N years of family data followed by N years of individual level records for each person. 23 "family" is a construct imposed on a collection of individuals who happen to be living together at a given point in time. Two examples of cases that would not be adequately represented by a simple family-individual hierarchy follow: The first is a situation where sample daughter X moves between her parental family and the family of an older sister. Both of these families are sample families with separate records on our file. In order to perform an accurate analysis of daughter X's data, her individual record for each year must be linked to the family in which she resided that year. A second example is that of a husband and wife who split up in the past into separate families for a few years and later recombine. In order to have an accurate assessment of a person's economic well-being over time, the individual must be linked to all of his or her previous family records, even if that family line has been aban- doned. The concept of family history was developed to provide a link between individuals and their correct past family records. A family history is simply all the yearly family records that one individual has moved through over time. In most PSID sample families, the majority of respondents share similar family histories. However, in structurally unstable family units many different family histories may be present. Figure 1 presents an ex- ample of a fictional family that has undergone a moderate amount of change in ten years. This family (1968 ID = 1010) will be used as our example on the following pages. In Figure 1 a fictional family (1968 ID=1010) starts off with a father, mother, 2 sons and one daughter in 1968. In 1969 the younger brother (person # 04) "split off" from his parental family and started his own household, taking his younger sister (person # 07) along with him. This sister lived in her brother's split-off family for the years 1969 and 1970. In 1971 she left her brother's household and rejoined her parents' household unit. By 1979, two families (1979 ID's 1021 and 4050) are interviewed. Four people remain in the original "root" household and the brother (person # 04) still lives by himself. The important thing to note is that in 1980, family 1021 will have 2 family histories for 4 individuals. The Structure of the PSID Database. Figure 2 presents the logical structure or schema of the PSID data base (this example is based on the 12-year Family-Individual file). At the root of the structural tree is the family record for the current year; this is a Level 1 record. Level 2 records contain family data for past years, each unique collection of past family records constituting a family his- tory. Level 3 records contain individual data, one record per year for each individual. All the individuals living in family X during year Y have their past individual records (level 3) linked to the data records of the families they belonged to in the past (level 2) and to the current family record (level 1). 24 Figure 1: Chart of 1968 Seed (root) Family '1010' ______________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------- | Main Family | Split-off Family |---------------------------+--------------------------- Year | Person | Person | ID Number Sex Age | ID Number Sex Age ------+---------------------------+--------------------------- | | 1968 | 1010 01 m 45 | | 02 f 43 | | 03 m 25 | | 04 m 24 | | 07 f 11 | | | 1969 | 1011 01 m 46 | 4040 04 m 25 | 02 f 44 | 07 f 12 | 03 m 26 | | | 1970 | 1012 01 m 47 | 4041 04 m 26 | 02 f 45 | 07 f 13 | 31 f 01 | | | 1971 | 1013 01 m 48 | 4042 04 m 27 | 02 f 46 | | 31 f 02 | | 07 f 14 | | | 1972 | 1014 01 m 49 | 4043 04 m 28 | 02 f 47 | | 31 f 03 | | 07 f 15 | | | 1973 | 1015 01 m 50 | 4044 04 m 29 | 02 f 48 | | 31 f 04 | | 07 f 16 | | . | . | . | . | . | . | | 1978 | 1020 01 m 55 | 4049 04 m 34 | 02 f 53 | | 31 f 09 | | 07 f 21 | | | 1979 | 1021 01 m 56 | 4050 04 m 35 | 02 f 54 | | 31 f 10 | | 07 f 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------- 25 Figure 2: Schema -- logical structure of PSID data (in tree format) Level 1 79F Current Family G1 Data (Root) | | +---------------------------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | Level 2 68F 69F 70F 71F 72F 73F 74F 75F 76F 77F 78F Family History G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 Data | | +-------------------------------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | Level 3 68I 69I 70I 71I 72I 73I 74I 75I 76I 77I 78I 79I Individual G68 G69 G70 G71 G72 G73 G74 G75 G76 G77 G78 G79 Data Figure 3: Instance -- an actual occurrence of the schema (Family '1021') 79F | | +-----------------------------------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | 68F 69F 70F 71F ... 78F 68F 69F 70F 71F ... 78F | | | | | | +-------------------+ | +-------------------+ | Family History #1 | Family History #2 | | | | | | | +-----------------------------------------+ +-----------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | 68I 69I...79I 68I 69I...79I 68I 69I...79I 68I 69I...79I | | | | | | | | +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ Person #1 Person #2 Person #31 Person #7 Retrieval of PSID Data To retrieve any subset of the database the analyst must first concep- tualize an appropriate sub-schema.3 The user gives OSIRIS.IV retrieval instructions in order to get the sub-instances defined by the sub-schema. Figure 4 outlines the basic OSIRIS Entry Definition Language instructions necessary to implement typical PSID sub-schemas.4 ___________________________________________________________________________ 3A sub-schema is a user's view of the data for a given piece of analysis. 4Certain additional instructions may be necessary to allow for such circumstances as missing data due to non-response in one or more years. 26 Figure 4: Accessing the PSID 1968-1979 Database ___________________________________________________________________________ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Analysis Subset (sub-schema) ENTRY Instructions --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cross-year UNIT=3 Family-Individual G1+G2+..+G12+G68+..+G79 Cross-year Family UNIT=1 G1+G2+...+G12 G=2 LEVEL=1 . . G=12 LEVEL=1 Current-year Family UNIT=1 G1 Current-year UNIT=3 Family-Individual G1+G79 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ___________________________________________________________________________ These instructions have been eliminated in our examples for the sake of simplicity. The user should remember that in OSIRIS.IV, the Entry Defini- tion Language defines the sub-schema; the ENTRY procedure passes each sub- instance to the analysis program upon execution. SECTION II TAPE CODES FOR WAVE XII Part 1: Twelfth-Year Family Tape Code The following are the codes for the twelfth-wave information from the interview schedule. The twelve-year individual tape code will be found in Part 2 of this section. The variable numbers and tape locations appearing first refer to the twelve-year merged tape. For the codes for the first five waves of this study, see A Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Volume II. The remainder of the codes for Waves VI through X will be found in succes- sive volumes entitled A Panel Study of Income Dynamics: Procedures and Tape Codes. The distributions for the following variables are weighted and based on all families interviewed in 1979. For generation of distributions on field amounts, percent zero, percent nonzero, and mean values are provided. Tapecode Information The example below illustrates the information contained in this codebook for a typical variable. The numbers in brackets do not appear in the codebook, but refer to the explanations which follow this example. [1] 6309 = Cross-year variable number [2] Name = TELEPHONE INT ? 1979 [3] 11221 = Cross-year Tape Location [4] MD=9 [5] Whether Telephone Interview in 1979 [6] [7] [8] 7.6 0. Personal Interview [9]----- 91.4 1. Telephone Interview [10]---- 0.5 2. Mail Interview 0.5 9. NA 1. Indicates the cross-year variable number. A variable number is as- signed to each item in the study. (See the alphabetical index for a list of the range of variable numbers specific to each year.) 2. Indicates the abbreviated variable name (maximum of 24 characters) used in the OSIRIS system to identify the variable for the user. This abbreviated variable name is identical to the variable name listed in the OSIRIS dictionary for this variable. It is also listed as a subheading of the printout when a variable is accessed in an 27 28 OSIRIS program. When used in this manner, the abbreviated variable name can be useful as a cross-reference tool, as well as a way to avoid errors. 3. Indicates the starting location and ending location for this variable when the data are stored on a magnetic tape in the OSIRIS format. 4. Indicates the code values of missing data. In this example, code values equal to nine are missing data (MD=9). Alternative statements for other variables are "MD=0 or GE 8" or "MD=GE 7." In cases where nothing is written in this space, there are no missing data codes for the variable. Some analysis software packages (including the OSIRIS software package) require that certain types of data which the user desires to exclude from analysis can be designated as "missing data," e.g., in- appropriate, unascertained, or ambiguous data categories. Although these codes have been defined by the PSID staff as missing data categories, this does not mean that the user should not or cannot use them in a substantive role if so desired. 5. Indicates the full question number that was used in the question- naire, as well as the exact wording of the questionnaire item. 6. Indicates the weighted percentages for each code value. 7. Indicates the code values occurring in the data for this variable. In some cases there will be a full field of "X's" in this column. These X's indicate that the actual number was coded. For example, a variable about the respondent's earnings per hour might include the following code value: XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 8. Indicates the textual definitions of the codes. Abbreviations com- monly used in the code definitions are "DK" (Don't Know), "NA" (Not Ascertained), and "Inap." (Inappropriate). 9. Indicates the "% nonzero" value, where specified. 10. Indicates the "mean nonzero" value where specified. 1979 FAMILY TAPE CODE Content 6301 = Cross-year variable number Name='STUDY # WAVE12 ' 11201-11203 = Cross-year Tape Location Study Number 768 (Wave 12) 6302 = Cross-year variable number Name='1979 ID ' 11204-11207 = Cross-year Tape Location 1979 Interview Number 6303 = Cross-year variable number Name='CURRENT STATE ' 11208-11209 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 State of Residence at time of 1979 Interview (State and county codes available on request) 6304 = Cross-year variable number Name='CURRENT COUNTY ' 11210-11212 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=999 County of Residence at time of 1979 Interview (State and county codes available on request) 6305 = Cross-year variable number Name='CURRENT ST&CNTY 1979 ' 11213-11217 = Cross-year Tape Location State and County of Residence at time of 1979 Interview V3 and V4 combined into one variable (State and county codes available on request) 6306 = Cross-year variable number Name='SIZE LGST CTY SMSA 1979 ' 11218 = Cross-year tape location MD=9 Size of largest city in PSU 31.8 1. SMSA: largest city 500,000 or more 23.4 2. SMSA: largest city 100,000-499,999 12.0 3. SMSA: largest city 50,000-99,999 8.4 4. SMSA: Non-SMSA: largest city 25,000-49,999 9.5 5. Non-SMSA: largest city 10,000-24,999 14.6 6. Non-SMSA: largest city under 10,000 0.4 9. NA: DU is not in continental USA 29 30 6307 = Cross-year variable number Name='COLOR OF COVERSHEET 79 ' 11219 = Cross-year Tape Location Color of Coversheet 94.9 0. Green (Main Family) 5.1 1. Light green (Splitoff) 6308 = Cross-year variable number Name='WHETHER REFUSED 1979 ' 11220 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Whether Originally Refused in 1979 99.7 0. Never Refused 0.3 1. Refused at least once 9. NA 6309 = Cross-year variable number Name='TELEPHONE INT ? 1979 ' 11221 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Whether Telephone Interview in 1979 7.6 0. Personal interview 91.4 1. Telephone interview 0.5 2. Mail interview 0.5 9. NA 6310 = Cross-year variable number Name='FAMILY COMP CHNG 1979 ' 11222 = Cross-year Tape Location Family Composition Change 75.3 0. No change; no movers-in or movers-out of the family. 13.6 1. Change in members other than Head or Wife. 3.0 2. Head same but Wife left/died and/or Head has new Wife. 1.0 3. Wife from 1978 is now Head. 1.8 4. Female Head in 1978 got married--husband now Head. 4.0 5. Some sample member other than Head or Wife has become Head of this FU. 1.3 6. Some female in FU other than 1978 Head got married and her husband is now Head. 7. Female Head in 1978 with husband in institution--husband in FU in 1978 and is now Head. 0.1 8. Other 31 6311 = Cross-year variable number Name='#MOVED IN 1979 ' 11223 = Cross-year Tape Location Number Moved into FU between 1978 and 1979 mean nonzero = 1.4 84.5 0. None 11.3 1. One 2.9 2. Two 0.9 3. Three 0.3 4. Four 0.1 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 6312 = Cross-year variable number Name='WHO MOVED IN 1979 ' 11224 = Cross-year Tape Location Relation to 1978 Head of person(s) who moved into FU between 1978 and 1979 If more than one person moved in, the person with the highest priority was coded. In order of priority 6.8 1. Head of family 1.6 2. Wife 5.1 3. Child, stepchild 0.2 4. Sibling 0.1 5. Parent 0.5 6. Grandchild, great-grandchild 0.3 7. In-laws and other relatives 1.0 8. Nonrelative 9. Husband of 1979 Head 84.5 0. Inap.; no one moved in 32 6313 = Cross-year variable number Name='# MOVED OUT 1979 ' 11225 = Cross-year Tape Location Number Moved out of FU between 1978 and 1979 mean nonzero = 1.3 90.5 0. None 7.3 1. One 1.5 2. Two 0.5 3. Three 0.1 4. Four 0.1 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 6314 = Cross-year variable number Name='WHO MOVED OUT 1979 ' 11226 = Cross-year Tape Location Relation to last year's Head of person(s) who moved out/died between 1978 and 1979 If more than one person moved out, the person with the highest priority was coded. In order of priority 1.2 1. Head of family 0.8 2. Wife 5.8 3. Child, stepchild 0.2 4. Sibling 0.2 5. Parent 0.3 6. Grandchild, great-grandchild 0.5 7. In-law or other relative 0.4 8. Nonrelative (including foster child) 9. Husband of 1978 Head 90.5 0. Inap.; no one moved out 6315 = Cross-year variable number Name='CURRENT FAM COMP 1979 ' 11227 = Cross-year Tape Location 1979 Family Composition 90.5 1. Head and immediate family (wife and children) only. 5.2 2. FU contains other people related to Head. 2.1 3. FU contains people unrelated to Head who are included in FU because they pool everything. 2.1 5. Other 33 6316 = Cross-year variable number Name='QUALITY OF MATCH 1979 ' 11228 = Cross-year Tape Location Quality of Match 99.7 0. Perfect or near perfect match 0.2 1. Fair match 0.1 2. Poor match 5. No match 6317 = Cross-year variable number Name='HRS REP VEHICLES (A11) ' 11229-11232 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 Annual Hours Spent Repairing Vehicles % nonzero = 42.7 mean nonzero = 33.5 0001-9997. Actual hours 9998. 9,998 hours or more 9999. NA;DK 0000. Inap; none 6318 = Cross-year variable number Name='$SAVED RE VEH (A12-17) ' 11233-11236 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 Annual Dollars Saved Repairing Vehicles % nonzero = 42.5 mean nonzero = $279.83 0001-9997. Actual dollars saved 0299. NA or DK at A15 only 9998. NA;DK 0000. Inap; none 6319 = Cross-year variable number Name='1979 HOUSE VALUE (B5) ' 11237-11242 = Cross-year Tape Location House Value (1979) % nonzero = 61.0 mean nonzero = 47,600.8 000000. Inap.; not a home owner 999999. $999,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 34 6320 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC 79 HOUSE VALUE ' 11243 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6319 (House Value) 96.0 0. Inap.; not a home owner; no assignment 1.1 1. Minor assignment 1.0 2. Major assignment 1.9 3. Complex property, requiring allocation of property taxes, etc. between dwelling and other purposes of building/land. 6321 = Cross-year variable number Name='REM MORT PRIN 79 (B7) ' 11244-11248 = Cross-year Tape Location Remaining Mortgage Principal (1979) % nonzero = 37.0 mean nonzero = 20,716.2 00000. Inap.; not a home owner; no mortgage 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6322 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC REM MORT PRIN ' 11249 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6321 (Remaining Mortgage Principal) 98.1 0. Inap.; not a home owner; no mortgage; no assignment 0.1 1. Minor assignment 0.9 2. Major assignment 0.9 3. Complex property, requiring allocation of mortgage principal between dwelling and other purposes of building/land. 6323 = Cross-year variable number Name='ANN MORT $ 79 (B8) ' 11250-11253 = Cross-year Tape Location Annual Mortgage Payment (1979) % nonzero = 37.0 mean nonzero = 2,798.2 0000. Inap.; not a homeowner; no mortgage 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 35 6324 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC ANN MORT $ ' 11254 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6323 (Annual Mortgage Payment) 98.6 0. Inap.; not a home owner; no mortgage; no assignment 0.1 1. Minor assignment 0.4 2. Major assignment 0.9 3. Complex property, requiring allocation of mortgage payment between dwelling and other purposes of building/land 6325 = Cross-year variable number Name='ANN PROP TAX 79 (B11) ' 11255-11258 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 Annual Property Tax % nonzero = 59.5 mean nonzero = 1,466.6 0001-9997. Actual property tax 9998. $9,998 or more 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; none; does not own/is not buying 6326 = Cross-year variable number Name='ANN RENT 1979 (B12) ' 11259-11262 = Cross-year Tape Location Annual Rent % nonzero = 34.0 mean nonzero = 2,017.1 0000. Inap.; not a renter 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6327 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC ANN RENT ' 11263 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6326 (Annual Rent) 99.6 0. Inap.; not a renter; no assignment 0.3 1. Minor assignment 0.1 2. Major assignment 36 6328 = Cross-year variable number Name='FURNISHED ? (B13) ' 11264 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Whether Rent (V6326) includes furnishings 66.1 0. Inap.; not a renter 4.8 1. Yes 28.9 5. No 0.2 9. NA 6329 = Cross-year variable number Name='INCLUDE HEAT ? (B16) ' 11265 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Whether Rent (V6326) includes heat 74.3 0. Inap.; not a renter; does not pay utilities 7.0 1. Yes 18.2 5. No 0.5 9. NA 6330 = Cross-year variable number Name='ANN $ IF RENT (B18) ' 11266-11269 = Cross-year Tape Location Annual rent value of free housing for those who neither own nor rent % nonzero = 5.0 mean nonzero = 1,936.5 0000. Inap.; home owner or renter 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6331 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC ANN $ IF RENT ' 11270 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6330 (Annual rent value of free housing) 98.3 0. Inap.; home owner or renter; no assignment 0.1 1. Minor assignment 1.6 2. Major assignment 37 6332 = Cross-year variable number Name='ANN UTILITIES 1978 ' 11271-11274 = Cross-year Tape Location Annual Expenditure on Utilities in 1978 % nonzero = 87.7 mean nonzero = 822.7 0000. $0 9998. $9,998 or more 6333 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC ANN UTILITIES ' 11275 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6332 (Annual Expenditure on Utilities) 97.1 0. No assignment 0.2 1. Minor assignment 2.7 2. Major assignment 6334 = Cross-year variable number Name='HRS REP HOUSE (B29) ' 11276-11279 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 Annual Hours Spent Repairing House/Apartment %nonzero = 36.4 mean nonzero = 478.2 0001-9997. Actual hours repairing house/apartment 9998. 9,998 hours or more 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; "no" to B27 6335 = Cross-year variable number Name='$ SAVE REP HSE (B30-35)' 11280-11284 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99999 Annual Dollars Saved Repairing House/Apartment % nonzero = 35.6 mean nonzero = 1,745.0 00001-99997. Actual money saved repairing house/apartment 99998. $99,998 or more 00299. NA or DK at B33 only 99999. NA; DK 00000. Inap.; none; "no" to B27 38 6336 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD ANN WRK HRS IN 78 ' 11285-11288 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's annual hours working for money in 1978 % nonzero = 78.2 mean nonzero = 2,004.8 0000. None 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6337 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC HD 78 WRK HRS ' 11289 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6336 (Head's annual hours working for money in 1978) 93.7 0. Inap.; Head did no work; no assignment 3.6 1. Minor assignment 2.7 2. Major assignment 6338 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD HRS WRK LOST OTH ILL ' 11290-11293 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's annual hours of work missed because someone else was ill in 1978 % nonzero = 8.2 mean nonzero = 53.5 (Weeks someone else ill times 40) 0000. Inap.; Head is retired, disabled, student, housewife, etc.; no time missed for someone else's illness 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6339 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC HD HR LOST OTH ILL ' 11294 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6338 (Head's annual hours of work missed because someone else was ill in 1978) 100.0 0. Inap.; no time missed; no assignment 1. Minor assignment 2. Major assignment 39 6340 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD HRS WRK LOST OWN ILL ' 11295-11298 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's annual hours of illness in 1978 % nonzero = 33.4 mean nonzero = 185.5 (Weeks ill times 80 for first eight weeks and times 60 for the time thereafter) 0000. Inap.; Head is retired, disabled, student, housewife, etc.; no time missed for Head's own illness 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6341 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC HD HR LOST OWN ILL ' 11299 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6340 (Head's annual hours of illness in 1978) 99.9 0. Inap.; no time missed; no assignment 1. Minor assignment 0.1 2. Major assignment 6342 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD STRIKE HRS 78 ' 11300-11303 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's annual hours on strike in 1978 % nonzero = 1.4 mean nonzero = 265.1 (Weeks on strike times 40) 0000. Inap.; Head is retired, disabled, student, housewife, etc.; no hours on strike in 1978 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6343 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC HD STRIKE HRS 78 ' 11304 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6342 (Head's annual hours on strike in 1978) 100.0 0. Inap.; no strike time; no assignment 1. Minor assignment 2. Major assignment 40 6344 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD UNEMP HRS 78 ' 11305-11308 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's annual hours of unemployment in 1978 % nonzero = 11.8 mean nonzero = 455.9 (Weeks unemployed times 40) 0000. Inap.; Head is retired, disabled, student housewife, etc.; no unemployment hours 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6345 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC HDUNEMP HRS 78 ' 11309 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6344 (Head's annual hours of unemployment in 1978) 99.7 0. Inap.; no unemployment time; no assignment 0.3 1. Minor assignment 2. Major assignment 6346 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD TRAV TO WRK HRS 78 ' 11310-11312 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's travel to work time (annual hours) in 1978 % nonzero = 67.5 mean nonzero = 180.7 000. Inap.; Head is retired, disabled, student housewife, etc.; no hours; time varies widely 999. 999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6347 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC HD TRAV TO WK HRS 78' 11313 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6346 (Head's travel to work time in 1978) 99.6 0. Inap.; no hours time varies widely; no assignment 0.2 1. Minor assignment 0.2 2. Major assignment 41 6348 = Cross-year variable number Name='WF ANN WRK HRS IN 78 ' 11314-11317 = Cross-year Tape Location Wife's annual hours working for money in 1978 % nonzero = 35.4 mean nonzero = 1,356.8 0000. Inap.; no wife; wife did not work in 1978 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6349 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC WF 78 WRK HRS ' 11318 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6348 (Wife's annual hours working for money in 1978) 98.8 0. Inap.; no wife; wife did not work in 1978; no assignment 0.8 1. Minor assignment 0.4 2. Major assignment 6350 = Cross-year variable number Name='WF HRS WRK LOST OTH ILL ' 11319-11322 = Cross-year Tape Location Wife's annual hours of work missed because someone else was ill in 1978 % nonzero = 6.0 mean nonzero = 59.9 (Weeks someone else ill times 40) 0000. Inap.; no wife; wife did not work in 1978; no time missed for someone else's illness 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6351 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC WF HR LOST OTH ILL ' 11323 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6350 (Wife's annual hours of work missed because someone else was ill in 1978) 100.0 0. Inap.; no wife; wife did not work in 1978; no time missed; no assignment 1. Minor assignment 2. Major assignment 42 6352 = Cross-year variable number Name='WF HRS WRK LOST OWN ILL ' 11324-11327 = Cross-year Tape Location Wife's annual hours of illness in 1978 % nonzero = 13.8 mean nonzero = 179.2 (Weeks ill times 80 for the first eight weeks and times 60 for the time thereafter) 0000. Inap.; no wife; wife did not work in 1978 no time missed for wife's own illness 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6353 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC WF HR LOST OWN ILL ' 11328 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6352 (Wife's annual hours of illness in 1978) 100.0 0. Inap.; no wife; wife did not work in 1978; no time missed for wife's own illness; no assignment 1. Minor assignment 2. Major assignment 6354 = Cross-year variable number Name='WF STRIKE HRS 78 ' 11329-11332 = Cross-year Tape Location Wife's annual hours on strike in 1978 % nonzero = 0.1 mean nonzero = 226.3 (Weeks on strike times 40) 0000. Inap.; no wife; wife did not work in 1978 no hours on strike in 1978 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6355 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC WF STRIKE HRS 78 ' 11333 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6354 (Wife's annual hours on strike in 1978) 100.0 0. Inap.; no wife; wife did not work in 1978; no strike time; no assignment 1. Minor assignment 2. Major assignment 43 6356 = Cross-year variable number Name='WF UNEMP HRS 78 ' 11334-11337 = Cross-year Tape Location Wife's annual hours of unemployment in 1978 % nonzero = 4.4 mean nonzero = 607.4 (Weeks unemployed times 40) 0000. Inap.; no wife; wife did not work in 1978; no unemployment hours 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6357 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC WF UNEMP HRS 78 ' 11338 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6356 (Wife's annual hours of unemployment in 1978) 99.8 0. Inap.; no wife; wife did not work in 1978; no unemployment time; no assignment 0.1 1. Minor assignment 0.1 2. Major assignment 6358 = Cross-year variable number Name='WF TRAV TO WRK HRS 78 ' 11339-11341 = Cross-year Tape Location Wife's travel to work time (annual hours in 1978) %nonzero = 26.4 mean nonzero = 122.1 000. Inap.; wife is retired, disabled, student, housewife; unemployed; no hours; time varies widely 999. 999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6359 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC WF TRAV TO WK HRS 78' 11342 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6358 (Wife's travel to work time in 1978) 99.6 0. Inap.; no hours; time varies widely; no assignment 0.2 1. Minor assignment 0.3 2. Major assignment 44 6360 = Cross-year variable number Name='# MAJOR ADULTS ' 11343 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Major Adults - Head and Wife only 40.6 1. One major adult (Head or Wife) 59.4 2. Two major adults (Head and Wife) 6361 = Cross-year variable number Name='1979 FAMILY SIZE ' 11344-11345 = Cross-year Tape Location Family Size in 1979 (number of members in family) mean nonzero = 2.6 XX. Actual number in FU 6362 = Cross-year variable number Name='# REQUIRED ROOMS 1979 ' 11346 = Cross-year Tape Location Required number of rooms for FU of this size, age, and sex composition 1. One 50.2 2. Two 29.4 3. Three 14.7 4. Four 4.0 5. Five 1.1 6. Six 0.5 7. Seven 0.1 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 45 6363 = Cross-year variable number Name='1979 WEEKLY FOOD NEED ' 11347-11351 = Cross-year Tape Location Weekly Food Needs mean nonzero = 16.9 Based on USDA Low-Cost Plan estimates of weekly food costs, according to the table below (re-produced from Family Economics Review, June 1967), summed for the family. INDIVIDUAL FOOD STANDARD (LOW COST) _________________________________________________________________________ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Age Male Female ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Under 4 $3.90 $3.90 4-6 4.60 4.60 7-9 5.50 5.50 10-12 6.40 6.30 13-15 7.40 6.90 16-20 8.70 7.20 21-35 7.50 6.50 36-55 6.90 6.30 56 and older 6.30 5.40 (This same standard has been used in Waves I-XII. Adjustments for inflation, etc., are left to users.) 46 6364 = Cross-year variable number Name='1979 ANN FOOD NEED ' 11352-11356 = Cross-year Tape Location Annual Need Standard in 1978 mean nonzero = 3,137.7 This is the Orshansky-type poverty threshold, based on an annual food needs standard derived from the weekly food costs above, which is con- verted to an annual amount and adjusted for economies of scale by USDA rules as follows: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Single person . . . . . . . . . . . .add 20% | | Two persons . . . . . . . . . . . . .add 10% | | Three persons . . . . . . . . . . . . add 5% | | Four persons . . . . . . . . . . .no change | | Five persons . . . . . . . . . . .deduct 5% | | Six or more persons . . . . . . . deduct 10% | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ An additional adjustment for diseconomies of small households (in rent, etc.) was made as follows for the An- nual Need Standard): 4.89 times the food needs for single persons 3.70 times the food needs for two-person units 3.00 times the food needs for all other units (Not adjusted for farmers; see V6769 for an income/needs measure which makes this adjustment.) 6365 = Cross-year variable number Name='WF ANN HSEWRK HRS (J5) ' 11357-11360 = Cross-year Tape Location Wife's annual hours of housework % nonzero = 58.8 mean nonzero = 1,482.9 0000. Inap.; no wife; wife does no housework 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6366 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC WF ANN HSEWRK HRS ' 11361 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6365 (Wife's annual hours of housework) 99.3 0. Inap.; no wife; wife does no housework; no assignment 0.1 1. Minor assignment 0.6 2. Major assignment 47 6367 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD ANN HSEWRK HRS (J6) ' 11362-11365 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's annual hours of housework % nonzero = 83.2 mean nonzero = 599.8 0000. Inap.; Head does no housework 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6368 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC HD ANN HSEWRK HRS ' 11366 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6367 (Head's annual hours of housework 98.9 0. Inap.; Head does no housework; no assignment 0.2 1. Minor assignment 0.9 2. Major assignment 6369 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH ANN HSEWRK HRS (J10)' 11367-11370 = Cross-year Tape Location Annual hours of housework done by all others in FU % nonzero = 30.9 mean nonzero = 653.0 0000. Inap.; no others in FU; no housework done by others in FU 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6370 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC OTH HSEWRK HRS ' 11371 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6369 (Annual hours of housework done by all others in FU) 99.6 0. Inap.; no others in FU; no housework done by others in FU; no assignment 1. Minor assignment 0.4 2. Major assignment 48 6371 = Cross-year variable number Name='# FD ST ISSUED FOR (J13)' 11372 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Number of people in Household for whom Food Stamps were issued last month mean nonzero = 2.8 (Household may include more people than our FU: therefore this number will not always equal V6361 (Family Size in 1979). See editing procedures. 1.6 1. One 1.5 2. Two 1.0 3. Three 0.7 4. Four 0.4 5. Five 0.2 6. Six 0.2 7. Seven 0.2 8. Eight or more 0.1 9. NA; DK 94.2 0. Inap.; Food Stamps not used last month 6372 = Cross-year variable number Name='$ PD FD ST LAST MO(J14)' 11373-11375 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount paid for Food Stamps last month % nonzero = 0.3 mean nonzero = 66.2 000. Inap.; Food Stamps not used last month; Food Stamps issued free of charge 999. $999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6373 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC $ PAID FD ST LST MO' 11376 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6372 (Amount paid for Food Stamps last month) 99.9 0. Inap.; Food Stamps not used last month; no assignment 1. Minor assignment 0.1 2. Major assignment 49 6374 = Cross-year variable number Name='$ BONUS PD LAST MO ' 11377-11379 = Cross-year Tape Location Bonus value of Food Stamps used last month % nonzero = 5.7 mean nonzero = 82.9 (Dollar value of food bought minus dollars spent to purchase Food Stamps) 000. Inap.; Food Stamps not used last month 999. $999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6375 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC BONUS FDSTMP LAST MO' 11380 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6374 (Bonus value of Food Stamps used last month) 99.8 0. Inap.; Food Stamps not used last month; no assignment 0.1 1. Minor assignment 0.1 2. Major assignment 6376 = Cross-year variable number Name='ANN FD $ EXCL FDSTMP ' 11381-11384 = Cross-year Tape Location Annual food expenditure for meals at home % nonzero = 98.2 mean nonzero = 2,336.2 (Excludes expenditure for food purchased with Food Stamps) 0000. Inap.; none 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6377 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC ANN FOOD $ ' 11385 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6376 (Annual food expenditure for meals at home) 98.9 0. Inap.; no assignment 0.4 1. Minor assignment 0.6 2. Major assignment 50 6378 = Cross-year variable number Name='ANN $ EATING OUT ' 11386-11389 = Cross-year Tape Location Annual food expenditure for meals away from home % nonzero = 82.0 mean nonzero = 697.2 (Excludes meals at work and/or school) 0000. Inap.; none 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6379 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC ANN $ EATING OUT ' 11390 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6378 (Annual food expenditure for meals away from home) 99.2 0. Inap.; no assignment 0.1 1. Minor assignment 0.7 2. Major assignment 6380 = Cross-year variable number Name='$ PAID FDSTMP 1978 ' 11391-11394 = Cross-year Tape Location Annual amount paid for Food Stamps in 1978 % nonzero = 6.3 mean nonzero = 589.3 0000. Inap.; none 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6381 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC $ PAID FDSTMP 1978 ' 11395 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6380 (Annual amount paid for Food Stamps in 1978) 99.5 0. Inap.; no assignment 0.1 1. Minor assignment 0.4 2. Major assignment 51 6382 = Cross-year variable number Name='$ BONUS FDSTMP 1978 ' 11396-11399 = Cross-year Tape Location Bonus value of Food Stamps used in 1978 % nonzero = 7.2 mean nonzero = 584.4 (Dollar value of food bought minus dollars spent to purchase Food Stamps) 0000. Inap.; none 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6383 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC $ BONUS FDSTMP 1978' 11400 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6382 (Bonus value of Food Stamps used in 1978) 99.4 0. Inap.; no assignment 0.1 1. Minor assignment 0.5 2. Major assignment 6384 = Cross-year variable number Name='# MOS USED FDSTMP 78 ' 11401-11402 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 Number of months Food Stamps used in 1978 % nonzero = 7.2 mean nonzero = 8.3 00. None; Food Stamps not used in 1978 XX. Actual number of months 99. NA 6385 = Cross-year variable number Name='$ SAVED GRWNG OWN FD ' 11403-11406 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 Annual Dollars Saved Growing/Preserving Own Food in 1978 % nonzero = 32.1 mean nonzero = 195.5 0001-9997. Actual amount saved 9998. $9,998 or more 0299. NA or DK at J33 only 9999. NA;DK 0000. Inap.; none; "no" to J29 52 6386 = Cross-year variable number Name='ANN CHLDCR HRS (J40) ' 11407-11410 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 Annual Child Care Hours for (Youngest) Child in FU (J40) % nonzero = 10.7 mean nonzero = 1,276.6 0001-8760. Actual hours (youngest) child taken care of 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; no children under 12 in FU 6387 = Cross-year variable number Name='ANN $ CHILD CR (J42) ' 11411-11414 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 Annual Cost of Child Care (J42) % nonzero = 7.1 mean nonzero = 1,227.6 0001-9997. Actual cost 9998. $9,998 or more 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; no children under 12 in FU 6388 = Cross-year variable number Name='ANN EXCHNG HRS CHLDCR ' 11415-11418 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 Annual Hours of Work in Exchange for Child Care (J44) % nonzero = 1.4 mean nonzero = 231.2 0001-9997. Actual hours 9998. 9,998 hours or more 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; "no" to J43; no children under 12 in FU 6389 = Cross-year variable number Name='LABOR PART FARM Y 1978 ' 11419-11423 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's labor part of farm income in 1978 % nonzero = 1.5 mean nonzero = 9,324.1 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 53 6390 = Cross-year variable number Name='LABOR PART BUS Y 1978 ' 11424-11428 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's labor part of unincorporated business income in 1978 % nonzero = 5.3 mean nonzero = 9,095.4 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6391 = Cross-year variable number Name='HEAD 1978 WAGES ' 11429-11433 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's income from wages in 1978 % nonzero = 72.3 mean nonzero = 14,565.8 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6392 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC HEAD 1978 WAGES ' 11434 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6391 (Head's income from wages in 1978) 98.3 0. Inap.; no wages; no assignment 0.3 1. Minor assignment 1.4 2. Major assignment 6393 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD BONUS , OT, COMM 1978' 11435-11439 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's income from bonuses, overtime, commissions in 1978 % nonzero = 6.6 mean nonzero = 2,580.2 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 54 6394 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD PROF PRAC/TRADE 1978 ' 11440-11444 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's income from professional practice or trade in 1978 % nonzero = 4.0 mean nonzero = 2,118.6 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6395 = Cross-year variable number Name='LAB PART MKT GRDNG 1978 ' 11445-11448 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's labor part of income from farming or market gardening in 1978 % nonzero = 1.4 mean nonzero = 1,751.8 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6396 = Cross-year variable number Name='LAB PART ROOMER 1978 ' 11449-11452 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's labor part of income from roomers and boarders % nonzero = 0.3 mean nonzero = 399.5 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6397 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC HD LABOR Y EXCL WAGE' 11453 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6389-V6390, V6393-V6396 (Head's labor income excluding wages in 1978) 99.2 0. Inap.; no assignment 0.2 1. Minor assignment 0.6 2. Major assignment 55 6398 = Cross-year variable number Name='WIFE 1978 LABOR/WAGE ' 11454-11458 = Cross-year Tape Location Wife's labor income in 1978 % nonzero = 35.3 mean nonzero = 6,538.6 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6399 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC WF 78 LABOR/WAGE ' 11459 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6398 (Wife's labor income in 1978) 99.3 0. Inap.; no assignment 0.2 1. Minor assignment 0.5 2. Major assignment 6400 = Cross-year variable number Name='ASSET PART FARM Y 1978 ' 11460-11464 = Cross-year Tape Location Head and Wife's asset part of farm income in 1978 % nonzero = 1.5 mean nonzero = 8,746.2 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6401 = Cross-year variable number Name='ASSET PART BUS Y 1978 ' 11465-11469 = Cross-year Tape Location Head and Wife's asset part of unincorporated business income in 1978 % nonzero = 5.6 mean nonzero = 7,493.1 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 56 6402 = Cross-year variable number Name='ASSET PART MRKT GRD 1978' 11470-11473 = Cross-year Tape Location Head and Wife's asset part of farming or market gardening in 1978 % nonzero = 1.4 mean nonzero = 1,342.9 0000. None 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6403 = Cross-year variable number Name='ASSET PART ROOMERS 1978 ' 11474-11477 = Cross-year Tape Location Head and Wife's asset part of income from roomers and boarders in 1978 % nonzero = 0.2 mean nonzero = 303.0 0000. None 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6404 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD RENT, INT DIVIDEND 78' 11478-11482 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's income from rent, interest, dividends, etc. in 1978 % nonzero = 46.1 mean nonzero = 2,214.3 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 57 6405 = Cross-year variable number Name='ALIMONY Y HEAD 1978 ' 11483-11486 = Cross-year Tape Location Head's alimony in 1978 % nonzero = 0.3 mean nonzero = 1,790.1 0000. None 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6406 = Cross-year variable number Name='WIFE 1978 ASSET Y ' 11487-11491 = Cross-year Tape Location Wife's income from assets excluding from her unincorporated business in 1978 % nonzero = 3.2 mean nonzero = 2,131.8 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6407 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC H+W 1978 ASSET Y ' 11492 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V's 6400-6406 (Asset Income of Head and Wife in 1978) 97.8 0. Inap.; no assignment 0.6 1. Minor assignment 1.6 2. Major assignment 6408 = Cross-year variable number Name='H+W 1978 TAXABLE Y ' 11493-11498 = Cross-year Tape Location Total taxable income of Head and Wife in 1978 (Sum of V's 6389-6391, 6393-6396, 6398, 6400-6406) % nonzero = 90.6 mean nonzero = 17,177.6 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more 58 6409 = Cross-year variable number Name='H+W 1978 SUPP OTH NONFU ' 11499-11503 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99999 Contributions made to outside dependents in 1978 (outside the FU) % nonzero = 10.9 mean nonzero = 8,228.4 (This is an out-transfer which could be deducted from income) 00000. None 99998. $99,998 or more 99999. NA 6410 = Cross-year variable number Name='H+W 1978 # DEPENDENTS ' 11504 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Head's dependents in 1978 mean nonzero = 2.5 0. None 30.0 1. One 30.1 2. Two 16.2 3. Three 13.2 4. Four 6.4 5. Five 2.6 6. Six 0.8 7. Seven 0.4 8. Eight 0.2 9. Nine or more 6411 = Cross-year variable number Name='H+W 1978 INCOME TAXES ' 11505-11509 = Cross-year Tape Location Total estimated Federal Income Taxes of Head and Wife in 1978 % nonzero = 71.1 mean nonzero = 4,046.9 (This variable does not include the low income Tax Credit, V6789. For a better estimate of taxes, subtract V6789 from this variable.) 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more 59 6412 = Cross-year variable number Name='H+W 1978 MARGIN TAX RATE' 11510-11511 = Cross-year Tape Location Marginal tax rate for Head and Wife 1978 estimated Federal Income Taxes % nonzero = 70.7 mean nonzero = 27.5 xx. Actual marginal tax rate 00. Zero taxes 6413 = Cross-year variable number Name='H+W 1978 ADC/AFDC ' 11512-11516 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of ADC/AFDC for Head and Wife in 1978 % nonzero = 3.1 mean nonzero = 2,647.3 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6414 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC H+W 1978 ADC/AFDC ' 11517 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6413 (Amount of ADC/AFDC for Head and Wife in 1978) 100.0 0. Inap.; no assignment 1. Minor assignment 2. Major assignment 6415 = Cross-year variable number Name='H+W 1978 SSI ' 11518-11521 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of Supplemental Security Income of Head and Wife in 1978 % nonzero = 2.9 mean nonzero = 1,440.0 0000. None 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 60 6416 = Cross-year variable number Name='H+W 1978 OTHER WELFARE ' 11522-11526 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of other welfare payments of Head and Wife in 1978 % nonzero = 1.7 mean nonzero = 1,603.2 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6417 = Cross-year variable number Name='H+W 1978 SOCIAL SECURITY' 11527-11531 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of Social Security payments of Head and Wife in 1978 % nonzero = 24.5 mean nonzero = 3,575.3 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6418 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD 1978 OTHER RETIR ' 11532-11536 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of Head's other retirement, pensions and annuities in 1978 % nonzero = 13.6 mean nonzero = 3,854.4 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 61 6419 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD 1978 UNEMP COMP ' 11537-11541 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of Head's unemployment pay (including strike benefits) in 1978 % nonzero = 5.4 mean nonzero = 1,137.0 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6420 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD 1978 WRKMNS COMP ' 11542-11545 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of Head's workmen's compensation in 1978 % nonzero = 2.3 mean nonzero = 1,427.1 0000. None 9999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6421 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD 1978 CHLD SUPP ' 11546-11550 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of child support of Head and Wife in 1978 % nonzero = 2.6 mean nonzero = 1,854.3 00000. None 99999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 62 6422 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD 1978 HELP FROM REL ' 11551-11554 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of help from relatives of Head in 1978 % nonzero = 6.0 mean nonzero = 1,028.3 0000. None 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6423 = Cross-year variable number Name='HD 1978 OTHER TRAN Y ' 11555-11558 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of Head's other transfer income in 1978 % nonzero = 6.0 mean nonzero = 1,266.6 0000. None 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6424 = Cross-year variable number Name='WF 1978 OTHER TRAN Y ' 11559-11563 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of Wife's other transfer income in 1978 % nonzero = 4.2 mean nonzero = 1,481.9 (Excludes ADC/AFDC, other welfare, social security and supplemental security income. Includes child support if clearly received only before marriage to current Head.) 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 63 6425 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC H+W 78 TRAN Y NONADC' 11564 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6415-6424 (Transfer income of Head and Wife in 1978 ex- cluding ADC/AFDC) 98.6 0. Inap.; no assignment 0.6 1. Minor assignment 0.8 2. Major assignment 6426 = Cross-year variable number Name='H+W TOT1978 TRANSFER Y ' 11565-11569 = Cross-year Tape Location Total transfer income of Head and Wife in 1978 (sum V6413, V6415- V6424) % nonzero = 50.2 mean nonzero = 3,787.4 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more 6427 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH ANN WRK HRS 1978 ' 11570-11573 = Cross-year Tape Location Annual work hours of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 22.7 mean nonzero = 1,337.2 0000. None 9999. 9,999 hours or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6428 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH ANN TXBLE Y 78 ' 11574-11578 = Cross-year Tape Location Total taxable income of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 23.4 mean nonzero = 5,618.2 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 64 6429 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC OTH ANN TX Y 78 ' 11579 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6428 (Total taxable income of all others in FU in 1978) 95.7 0. Inap.; no assignment 0.4 1. Minor assignment 3.9 2. Major assignment 6430 = Cross-year variable number Name='BKT OTH 1978 ASSET Y ' 11580 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Bracketed amount of asset income of all others in FU in 1978 (The actual amount is included in V6428) 98.4 0. Inap.; none 0.8 1. $1- 499 0.3 2. 500- 999 0.2 3. 1,000-1,999 0.1 4. 2,000-2,999 0.2 5. 3,000-4,999 0.1 6. 5,000-7,499 7. 7,500-9,999 8. 10,000 or more 9. NA (includes assigned amounts) 6431 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 TAXES ' 11581-11585 = Cross-year Tape Location Total estimated Federal Income Taxes of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 11.6 mean nonzero = 1,213.0 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more 6432 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 ADC/AFDC ' 11586-11590 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of ADC/AFDC of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 0.2 mean nonzero = 2,412.2 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 65 6433 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 SSI ' 11591-11595 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of Supplemental Security Income of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 0.4 mean nonzero = 1,679.7 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6434 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 OTHER WELFARE ' 11596-11600 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of other welfare of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 0.5 mean nonzero = 1,865.5 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6435 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 SOCIAL SECURITY' 11601-11605 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of Social Security of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 3.2 mean nonzero = 2,468.9 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 66 6436 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 OTHER RET ' 11606-11610 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of other retirement, pensions, and annuities of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 1.2 mean nonzero = 2,246.0 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6437 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 UNEMP COMP ' 11611-11615 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of Unemployment Compensation of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 0.1 mean nonzero = 1,207.5 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6438 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 WRKMNS COMP ' 11616-11619 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of Workmen's Compensation of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 0.1 mean nonzero = 1,729.8 0000. None 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 67 6439 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 CHLD SUPP ' 11620-11624 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of child support of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 0.1 mean nonzero = 1,047.6 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6440 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 HLP FRM RLTVS ' 11625-11628 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of help from relatives of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 0.1 mean nonzero = 558.0 0000. None 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6441 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 MISC TRANS ' 11629-11632 = Cross-year Tape Location Amount of other transfer income of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 0.2 mean nonzero = 1,121.0 0000. None 9999. $9,999 or more (All missing data were assigned.) 6442 = Cross-year variable number Name='OTH 1978 TOT TRANFER $ ' 11633-11637 = Cross-year Tape Location Total transfer income of all others in FU in 1978 % nonzero = 5.1 mean nonzero = 2,574.0 00000. None 99999. $99,999 or more 68 6443 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC 78 TOT TRANS $ ' 11638 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of V6442 (Total transfer income of all others in FU in 1978 99.2 0. Inap.; no assignment 0.3 1. Minor assignment 0.5 2. Major assignment 6444 = Cross-year variable number Name='# OTH WITH 78 Y ' 11639 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of income receivers in FU other than Head and Wife in 1978 74.0 0. None 16.5 1. One 6.7 2. Two 1.9 3. Three 0.7 4. Four 0.1 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 6445 = Cross-year variable number Name='# OTH WITH 78 LABOR Y ' 11640 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of income receivers in FU other than Head and Wife with labor income in 1978 77.3 0. None 14.3 1. One 6.0 2. Two 1.7 3. Three 0.6 4. Four 0.1 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 6446 = Cross-year variable number Name='1968 ID ' 11641-11644 = Cross-year Tape Location 1968 Interview Number 6447 = Cross-year variable number Name='1969 ID ' 11645-11648 = Cross-year Tape Location 1969 Interview Number 69 6448 = Cross-year variable number Name='1970 ID ' 11649-11652 = Cross-year Tape Location 1970 Interview Number 6449 = Cross-year variable number Name='1971 ID ' 11653-11656 = Cross-year Tape Location 1971 Interview Number 6450 = Cross-year variable number Name='1972 ID ' 11657-11660 = Cross-year Tape Location 1972 Interview Number 6451 = Cross-year variable number Name='1973 ID ' 11661-11664 = Cross-year Tape Location 1973 Interview Number 6452 = Cross-year variable number Name='1974 ID ' 11665-11668 = Cross-year Tape Location 1974 Interview Number 6453 = Cross-year variable number Name='1975 ID ' 11669-11672 = Cross-year Tape Location 1975 Interview Number 6454 = Cross-year variable number Name='1976 ID ' 11673-11676 = Cross-year Tape Location 1976 Interview Number 6455 = Cross-year variable number Name='1977 ID ' 11677-11680 = Cross-year Tape Location 1977 Interview Number 6456 = Cross-year variable number Name='1978 ID ' 11681-11684 = Cross-year Tape Location 1978 Interview Number 6457 = Cross-year variable number Name='INTR ID # ' 11685-11688 = Cross-year Tape Location 1. Interviewer's ID Number XXXX. Actual number 0000. Mail interview 70 6458 = Cross-year variable number Name='INTR INT # ' 11689-11690 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 3. Interviewer's Interview Number xx. Actual number 98. 98 or more 99. NA; DK 00. Mail interview 6459 = Cross-year variable number Name='DATE OF INT ' 11691 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 4. Date of Interview 28.5 1. March 1 - March 14 26.3 2. March 15 - March 28 20.5 3. March 29 - April 18 14.7 4. April 19 - May 2 7.0 5. May 3 - May 16 1.1 6. May 17 - May 30 0.5 7. May 31 - June 30 1.0 8. July 1 and after 0.4 9. NA;DK 6460 = Cross-year variable number Name='LENGTH OF INT ' 11692-11694 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=999 5. Length of Interview mean nonzero = 34.6 xxx. Actual number of minutes 999. NA; mail interview 6461 = Cross-year variable number Name='# IN FU ' 11695-11696 = Cross-year Tape Location Number in FU mean nonzero = 2.6 xx. Actual number of persons in FU 71 6462 = Cross-year variable number Name='AGE OF HEAD ' 11697-11698 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 Age of Head mean nonzero = 46.1 xx. Actual age of Head 99. NA 6463 = Cross-year variable number Name='SEX OF HEAD ' 11699 = Cross-year Tape Location Sex of Head 72.1 1. Male 27.9 2. Female 6464 = Cross-year variable number Name='AGE OF WIFE ' 11700-11701 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 Age of Wife or Permanent Friend % nonzero = 59.4 mean nonzero = 42.0 00. No Wife or Permanent Friend in FU xx. Actual age of Wife or Permanent Friend 99. NA 6465 = Cross-year variable number Name='# CHILDREN IN FU ' 11702-11703 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of children in FU aged 0-17 % nonzero = 40.2 mean nonzero = 1.9 xx. Actual number of children 00. None 72 6466 = Cross-year variable number Name='AGE YOUNGST CHILD ' 11704-11705 = Cross-year Tape Location Age of youngest child % nonzero = 40.2 mean nonzero = 7.3 01. 23 months or under xx. Actual age of youngest child 00. Inap.; no children in FU; V6465=00 6467 = Cross-year variable number Name='A1 PUB TRANS NEARBY? ' 11706 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 A1. Is there public transportation within walking distance of (here) (your house)? 52.1 1. Yes 46.9 5. No 0.8 8. Don't know 0.2 9. NA 6468 = Cross-year variable number Name='A2 WTR PUB TRANS GD ENUF' 11707 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 A2. Is it good enough so that a person could use it to get to work? 38.3 1. Yes 4.3 3. Pro-con 7.6 5. No 0.2 9. NA; DK 48.0 0. Inap.; no public transportation; V6467=5,9 6469 = Cross-year variable number Name='A3 DU INSIDE CITY LIMITS' 11708 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 A3. Is your house inside the city limits? 67.6 1. Yes 31.9 5. No 0.4 9. NA; don't know 73 6470 = Cross-year variable number Name='A4 DIST TO CNTR CITY ' 11709 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 A4. About how far are you from the center of that city? 53.7 1. Less than 5 miles 11.7 2. 5 - 14.9 miles 1.8 3. 15 - 29.9 miles 0.1 4. 30 - 49.9 miles 5. 50 or more miles 0.3 9. NA; DK 32.4 0. Inap.; house not inside city limits; 5,9 in V6469 6471 = Cross-year variable number Name='A5 DIST CNTR NRST CITY ' 11710 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 A5. About how far are you from the center of the nearest city? 11.5 1. Less than 5 miles 14.0 2. 5 - 14.9 miles 4.3 3. 15 - 29.9 miles 1.1 4. 30 - 49.9 miles 0.8 5. 50 or more miles 0.1 9. NA; DK 68.1 0. Inap.; house inside city limits; 1 or 9 in V6469 6472 = Cross-year variable number Name='A6 OWN CAR/TRUCK ' 11711 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 A6. Do you (or anyone else in the family here) own a car or truck? 84.5 1. Yes 15.5 5. No 9. NA; DK 74 6473 = Cross-year variable number Name='A7 # CAR/TRUCK OWN ' 11712 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 A7. How many cars and trucks do you (and your family living here) own? mean nonzero = 1.7 39.9 1. One 33.8 2. Two 7.1 3. Three 2.5 4. Four 0.5 5. Five 0.1 6. Six 0.1 7. Seven 8. Eight or more 0.2 9. NA;DK 15.7 0. Inap.; own no cars or trucks; V6472=5 or 9 6474 = Cross-year variable number Name='A8 # MI DRIVEN-ALL CARS ' 11713-11717 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99999 A8. During the last year how many miles did you and your family drive in (your car/all of your cars)? % nonzero = 84.2 mean nonzero = 16,848.6 99998. 99,998 miles or more 99999. NA; DK 00000. Inap.; none; family does not own car or truck; V6472=5 or 9 6475 = Cross-year variable number Name='A9 DO OWN REPAIR-CAR ' 11718 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 A9. During 1978 did you (or anyone else in the family here) do any of your own repair work on your car(s) or truck(s)? 42.6 1. Yes 41.9 5. No 9. NA 15.5 0. Inap.; own no cars or trucks; V6472=5 or 9 75 6476 = Cross-year variable number Name='A10 TYPE REPAIR-CAR ' 11719 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 A10. We would like a rough idea of how much time you spent and how much money you saved doing your own repair work. What kinds of things did you do? 1.2 1. Complex repairs that take a skilled mechanic: rebuild engine, rebuild transmission. 5.2 2. Much skill required: Ball joints, new clutch, king pins, bearings (except wheel), rings, valves, overhaul engine, in- stall rebuilt engine, "motor work," rebuild body, "transmis- sion work." "I do just about anything that needs doing." 11.4 3. A fair amount of skill required: Springs, radiator, wiring, new brakes, brake linings, "brakes" (NA what, except adjust- ment), rebuild carburator, exhaust system, alternator, starter, wheel bearings, universal joint. 16.8 4. Some skill required: Adjust brakes, adjust carburator, "car- burator" (NA what), voltage regulator, ignition system, ad- just timing, tune-up, condenser, fuel pump, plugs, points, shocks. 7.7 5. Little or no skill required: Car wash (if saves money), transmission fluid, tire switching, touch-up painting, other minor repairs, greasing, oil change, new lights, "main- tenance," "upkeep." 0.3 9. NA; DK 57.5 0. Inap.; family does not own a car or did no repairs; 5 or 9 in V6472; 5 or 9 in V6475 6477 = Cross-year variable number Name='B1 ACTUAL # ROOMS ' 11720 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B1. How many rooms do you have here for your family (not counting bathrooms)? mean nonzero = 5.1 2.0 1. One room 5.7 2. Two rooms 9.2 3. Three rooms 16.9 4. Four rooms 21.6 5. Five rooms 20.1 6. Six rooms 11.4 7. Seven rooms 10.2 8. Eight rooms or more 2.9 9. NA; DK 0.1 0. None; R shares room 76 6478 = Cross-year variable number Name='B2 TYPE DWELLING ' 11721 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B2. Do you live in a one-family house, a two family house, an apart- ment, a mobile home, or what? 67.3 1. One-family 6.4 2. Two-family; duplex 18.5 3. Apartment; project 5.0 4. Mobile home; trailer 2.6 7. Other 0.2 9. NA; DK 6479 = Cross-year variable number Name='B3 OWN/RENT OR WHAT ' 11722 = Cross-year Tape Location B3. Do you own this (home/apartment), pay rent, or what? 61.0 1. Owns or is buying house or trailer (fully or jointly) 34.0 5. Pays rent 5.0 8. Neither owns nor rents 6480 = Cross-year variable number Name='B6. MORTGAGE? ' 11723 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B6. Do you have a mortgage on this property? 37.1 1. Yes 23.9 5. No 9. NA; DK 39.0 0. Inap.; does not own/is not buying; 5 or 8 in V6479 6481 = Cross-year variable number Name='B9 # YRS LEFT ON MORT ' 11724-11725 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 B9. About how many more years will you have to pay on it? 01. One year or less 97. 97 or more years 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; does not own/is not buying; does not have a mortgage; 5 or 8 in V6479; 5 or 9 in V6480 77 6482 = Cross-year variable number Name='B10 2ND MORTGAGE ' 11726 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B10. Do you also have a second mortgage? 2.2 1. Yes 34.5 5. No 0.2 9. NA; DK 63.2 0. Inap.; does not own/is not buying; does not have a mortgage; 5 or 8 in V6479; 5 or 9 in V6480 6483 = Cross-year variable number Name='B17 RSN NEITR OWN/RENT ' 11727 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B17. How is that? (Neither owns nor rents) 1. Servant; housekeeper 0.2 2. Farm laborer; ranch laborer 0.6 3. Other persons for whom housing is part of compensation (janitors, gardeners, nurses, tutors, etc.) 2.9 4. Persons for whom housing is a gift; paid by someone outside of FU; owned by relatives; pay no rent or only pay taxes. 0.1 5. Sold own home, but still living there 0.1 6. Living in house which will inherit; estate in process 0.1 7. Living in temporary quarters (garage, shed, etc.) while home is under construction or until new apartment is found. 0.6 8. Other 0.1 9. NA; DK 95.2 0. Inap.; owns or rents; V6479=1, or 5 6484 = Cross-year variable number Name='B21 MOVE SINCE SPR 1978 ' 11728 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B21. Have you (HEAD) moved since the spring of 1978? 24.5 1. Yes 75.5 5. No 9. NA; DK 78 6485 = Cross-year variable number Name='B22 MONTH MOVE ' 11729-11730 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 B22. What month was that? (most recent move) 01. January 02. February 03. March 04. April 05. May 06. June 07. July 08. August 09. September 10. October 11. November 12. December 99. NA 00. Inap.; did not move; V6484=5 or 9 6486 = Cross-year variable number Name='B23 WHY MOVE ' 11731 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B23. Why did you move? 3.2 1. Purposive productive reasons: to take another job; transfer; stopped going to school 0.8 2. To get nearer to work 3.4 3. Purposive consumptive reasons--expansion of housing: more space; more rent; better place 1.6 4. Purposive consumptive reasons--contraction of housing: less space; less rent 6.3 5. Purposive consumptive--other house-related: want to own home; got married 1.4 6. Purposive consumptive--neighborhood-related: better neighbor- hood; go to school 3.5 7. Response to outside events (involuntary reasons): DU coming down; being evicted; armed services, etc.; health reasons; divorce; retiring because of health 3.8 8. Ambiguous or mixed reasons: to save money; all my old neigh- bors moved away; retiring (NA why) 0.4 9. NA; DK 75.5 0. Inap.; did not move; V6484=5 or 9 79 6487 = Cross-year variable number Name='B24 WTR MIGHT MOVE ' 11732 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B24. Do you think you might move in the next couple of years? 34.9 1. Yes; might or maybe, hope to 61.4 5. No 3.6 8. DK 0.1 9. NA 6488 = Cross-year variable number Name='B25 LIKELY HOOD OF MOVE ' 11733 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B25. Would you say you definitely will move, probably will move, or are you more uncertain? 15.2 1. Definitely 12.6 2. Probably 7.0 3. More uncertain 0.1 9. NA 65.1 0. Inap.; does not plan to move; V6487=5, 8 or 9 80 6489 = Cross-year variable number Name='B26 WHY MIGHT MOVE ' 11734 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B26. Why might you move? 5.1 1. Purposive productive reasons: to take another job; transfer; stopped going to school 0.8 2. To get nearer to work 5.9 3. Purposive consumptive reasons--expansion of housing: more space; more rent; better place 2.3 4. Purposive consumptive reasons--contraction of housing: less space; less rent 8.9 5. Purposive consumptive--other house-related: want to own home; got married 2.8 6. Purposive consumptive--neighborhood-related: better neighbor- hood; go to school 3.4 7. Response to outside events (involuntary reasons): DU coming down; being evicted; armed services, etc.; health reasons; divorce; retiring because of health 5.2 8. Ambiguous or mixed reasons: to save money; all my old neigh- bors moved away; retiring (NA why) 0.5 9. NA; DK 65.1 0. Inap.; does not plan to move; V6487=5 or 9 6490 = Cross-year variable number Name='B27 OWN REPAIR-HOUSE ' 11735 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B27. Did you (or your family) do any work (yourself/yourselves) on your (house/apartment) during 1978? I mean repairs or remodel- ing. 36.3 1. Yes 63.6 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 81 6491 = Cross-year variable number Name='B28 TYPE REPAIR-HOUSE ' 11736 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 B28. We would like a rough idea of how much time you spent and how much money you saved. What did you do? 2.9 1. Very extensive and complex additions or repairs: Build a house, add a bathroom, build addition to house, completely rewire house, rebuild house foundations, new furnace or heat- ing system, install plumbing, install central air condition- ing, install sewer system. 6.1 2. Much skill required: Convert basement to recreation room, finish off attic, remove walls or partition off areas, whole new roof, build a porch, garage, carport, or shed, put on siding, "rewire" (NA how extensive), repair furnace. 13.0 3. Fair amount of skill required: Exterior painting, build patio, plastering, landscaping, roof repairs, eaves troughs, repair sewer, blacktop driveway, cement finishing, build cabinets, interior panelling, floor or ceiling tile, install sink or drain pipe, install gas or water heater, install or repair water pump. 6.1 4. Some skill required: Linoleum, carpeting, new faucets, repair heater, light fixtures, fences, build window screens, glaze windows, wallpapering, redecorating, interior decorat- ing, new storm doors, "fix up room," "general upkeep." 8.1 5. Simple additions or repairs: Interior painting, curtain rods, faucet washers, "painting" (NA in or out), fix hinges, install room air conditioner, "air conditioner" (NA room or central). 0.1 9. NA; DK 63.7 0. Inap.; no additions or repairs; V6490=5 or 9 82 6492 = Cross-year variable number Name='C1 EMP STATUS HEAD ' 11737 = Cross-year Tape Location C1. We would like to know about what you do--are you (HEAD) working now, looking for work, retired, a student, (a housewife), or what? 69.7 1. Working now 1.3 2. Only temporarily laid off 2.6 3. Looking for work, unemployed 16.3 4. Retired 3.6 5. Permanently disabled 5.4 6. Housewife 1.1 7. Student 0.2 8. Other 6493 = Cross-year variable number Name='C2 WORK SELF/OTR (HD-E) ' 11738 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C2. Do you work for someone else, yourself, or what? 60.5 1. Someone else 2.6 2. Both someone else and self 7.9 3. Self only 9. NA; DK 29.1 0. Inap.; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=308 6494 = Cross-year variable number Name='C3 WORK FOR GOVT (HD-E) ' 11739 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C3. Do you work for the federal, state, or local government? 12.8 1. Yes 50.3 5. No 9. NA; DK 37.0 0. Inap.; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; does not work for someone else only; V6492=3-8; V6493=2-9 83 6495 = Cross-year variable number Name='C4 JOB UNION (HD-E) ' 11740 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C4. Is your current job covered by a union contract? 19.2 1. Yes 43.8 5. No 0.1 9. NA;DK 36.9 0. Inap.; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; does not work for someone else only; V6492=308; V6493=2-9 6496 = Cross-year variable number Name='C5 BLNG THT UNION (HD-E)' 11741 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C5. Do you belong to that labor union? 16.9 1. Yes 2.2 5. No 9. NA; DK 80.8 0. Inap.; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; does not work for someone else only; current job not covered by union contract; V6492=3-8; V6493=2-9; V6495=5 or 9 84 6497 = Cross-year variable number Name='C6-C7 OCC-2DIG (HD-E) ' 11742-11743 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C6. What is your main occupation? PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.3 10. Physicians (medical & osteopathic), Dentists 0.8 11. Other Medical and Paramedical: chiropractors, optometrists, pharmacists, veterinarians, nurses, therapists, healers, dieticians (except medical and dental technicians, see 16) 0.8 12. Accountants and Auditors 1.8 13. Teachers, Primary and Secondary Schools (including NA type) 0.9 14. Teachers, College; Social Scientists; Librarians; Archivists 2.7 15. Architects; Chemists; Engineers; Physical and Biological Scientists 2.2 16. Technicians: Airplane pilots and navigators, designers, draftsmen, foresters and conservationists, embalmers, photographers, radio operators, surveyors, technicians (medical, dental, testing, n.e.c.) 1.1 17. Public Advisors: Clergymen, editors and reporters, farm and home management advisors, personnel and labor relations workers, public relations persons, publicity workers, religious, social and welfare workers 0.6 18. Judges; Lawyers 0.6 19. Professional, technical and kindred workers not listed above MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS (EXCEPT FARM) 8.8 20. Not self-employed 2.7 31. Self-employed (unincorporated businesses) CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 1.3 40. Secretaries, stenographers, typists 5.7 41. Other Clerical Workers: agents (n.e.c.) library assistants and attendants, bank tellers, cashiers, bill collectors, ticket, station and express agents, etc., receptionists SALES WORKERS 3.7 45. Retail store salesmen and sales clerks, newsboys, hucksters, peddlers, traveling salesmen, advertising agents and sales- men, insurance agents, brokers and salesmen, etc. CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN, AND KINDRED WORKERS 1.8 50. Foremen, n.e.c. 11.8 51. Other craftsmen and kindred workers 0.7 52. Government protective service workers: firemen, police, mar- shals, and constables OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS 3.3 61. Transport equipment operatives 7.8 62. Operatives, except transport LABORERS 2.5 70. Unskilled laborers--nonfarm 0.6 71. Farm laborers and foremen 85 SERVICE WORKERS 0.3 73. Private household workers 5.2 75. Other service workers: barbers, beauticians, manicurists, bartenders, boarding and lodging housekeepers, counter and fountain workers, housekeepers and stewards, waiters, cooks, midwives, practical nurses, babysitters, attendants in physicians' and dentists' offices FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 1.5 80. Farmers (owners and tenants) and managers (except code 71) MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS 0.9 55. Members of armed forces 0.4 99. NA; DK 29.0 00. Inap.; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 86 6498 = Cross-year variable number Name='C8 INDUSTRY (HD-E) ' 11744-11745 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C8. What kind of business is that in? 2.8 11. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing 0.6 21. Mining and Extraction MANUFACTURING DURABLES 2.2 30. Metal industries 3.9 31. Machinery, including electrical 3.4 32. Motor vehicles and other transportation equipment 2.6 33. Other durables 0.4 34. Durables, NA what MANUFACTURING NONDURABLES 1.5 40. Food and kindred products 0.1 41. Tobacco manufacturing 1.2 42. Textile mill products, apparel and other fabricated textile products, shoes 0.4 43. Paper and allied products 1.7 44. Chemical and allied products, petroleum and coal products, rubber and miscellaneous plastic products 45. Other nondurables 46. Nondurables, NA what 0.5 49. Manufacturing, NA whether durable or nondurable 5.8 51. Construction 3.4 55. Transportation 1.2 56. Communication 1.3 57. Other Public Utilities 7.1 61. Retail Trade 1.9 62. Wholesale Trade 0.5 69. Trade, NA whether wholesale or rental 3.0 71. Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 1.3 81. Repair Service 1.3 82. Business Services 1.6 83. Personal Services 0.5 84. Amusement, Recreation, and Related Services 1.4 85. Printing, Publishing, and Allied Services 3.8 86. Medical and Dental and Health Services, whether public or private 4.7 87. Educational Services, whether public or private 2.8 88. Professional and Related Services other than medical or educational 1.0 91. Armed Services 5.0 92. Government, other than medical or educational services; NA whether other 2.0 99. NA; DK 29.1 00. Inap.; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 87 6499 = Cross-year variable number Name='C9 # MO THIS JOB (HD-E) ' 11746-11748 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=999 C9. How long have you had your present position? % nonzero = 71.0 mean nonzero = 82.7 001. One month or less XXX. Actual number of months 998. 998 months or more 999. NA; DK 000. Inap.; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 6500 = Cross-year variable number Name='C11 MO START JOB (HD-E) ' 11749-11750 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C11. What month did you start this job? 01. January 02. February 03. March 04. April 05. May 06. June 07. July 08. August 09. September 10. October 11. November 12. December 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; has had job for one year or more; V6492=3-8 or V6499=012-999. 88 6501 = Cross-year variable number Name='C12 HPND PREJOB (HD-E) ' 11751 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C12. What happened to the job you had before--did the company go out of business, were you laid off, promoted, were you not working, or what? 1.1 1. Company folded/changed hands/moved out of town; employer died/went out of business 0.1 2. Strike; lockout 2.0 3. Laid off; fired 6.9 4. Quit; resigned; retired; pregnant; needed more money; just wanted a change in jobs; was self-employed before; still has previous job (in addition to the job in C6) 1.0 5. No previous job; first full-time or permanent job Head ever had; wasn't working before this 2.1 6. Promotion 1.3 7. Other--(including drafted into service or any mention of service) 0.6 8. Job was completed; seasonal work; was a temporary job 0.3 9. NA; DK 84.7 0. Inap.; unemployed; permanently disabled, retried, housewife, student; has had job for one year or more; V6492=3-8 or V6499=012-999. 6502 = Cross-year variable number Name='C13 JOB BETTER (HD-E) ' 11752 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C13. On the whole, would you say your present job is better or worse than the one you had before? 11.2 1. Better 1.2 3. Same; pro-con 1.5 5. Worse 0.4 9. NA; DK 85.7 0. Inap.; first job; been on job more than one year; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 or V6499=012-199 or V6501=5 89 6503 = Cross-year variable number Name='C14 WHY BET/WRSE (HD-E) ' 11753 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C14. Why is it (better/worse)? 4.4 1. Better/worse pay 1.0 2. More/less steady work; more/less work hours 0.6 3. Better/worse opportunity for advancement; any mention of training program 0.6 4. Better/worse pension or social security program; any mention of fringe benefits, vacations 2.0 5. More/less closely related to my field/area/skill; the type of thing I like to do 3.2 6. More/less pleasant working conditions 7. Better/worse than armed services (or any mention thereof) 0.7 8. Other 0.4 9. NA; DK 87.0 0. Inap.; present job is same as previous job; unemployed; per- manently disabled, retired, housewife, student; first job; been on job more than one year; V6492=3-8 or V6499=012-199 or V6501=5 or V6502=3 6504 = Cross-year variable number Name='C15 JOB PAY MORE (HD-E) ' 11754 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C15. Does your present job pay more than the one you had before? 8.6 1. Yes, more 4.4 5. No, same or less 0.2 9. NA; DK 86.8 0. Inap.; first job; been on job more than one year; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 or V6499=012-999 or V6501=5 90 6505 = Cross-year variable number Name='C16 WTR OTR ILL (HD-E) ' 11755 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C16. Did you miss any work in 1978 because someone else in the family was sick? 7.9 1. Yes 63.0 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 29.0 0. Inap.; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 6506 = Cross-year variable number Name='C17 #WKS OTR ILL (HD-E) ' 11756-11757 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C17. How much work did you miss? % nonzero = 7.9 mean nonzero = 1.6 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6505=5 or 9 6507 = Cross-year variable number Name='C18 WTR SELF ILL (HD-E) ' 11758 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C18. Did you miss any work in 1978 because you were sick? 32.6 1. Yes 38.3 5. No 9. NA; DK 29.0 0. Inap.; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 91 6508 = Cross-year variable number Name='C19 #WKS SELF ILL (HD-E)' 11759-11760 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C19. How much work did you miss? % nonzero = 32.6 mean nonzero = 2.6 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6507=5 or 9 6509 = Cross-year variable number Name='C20 WTR VACATION (HD-E) ' 11761 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C20. Did you take any vacation or time off during 1978? 55.0 1. Yes 15.9 5. No 9. NA; DK 29.0 0. Inap.; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 6510 = Cross-year variable number Name='C21 #WKS VACAT (HD-E) ' 11762-11763 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C21. How much vacation or time off did you take? % nonzero = 55.0 mean nonzero = 3.3 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 or V6509=5 or 9 6511 = Cross-year variable number Name='C22 WTR STRIKE (HD-E) ' 11764 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C22. Did you miss any work in 1978 because you were on strike? 1.4 1. Yes 69.5 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 29.0 0. Inap.; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 92 6512 = Cross-year variable number Name='C23 #WKS STRIKE (HD-E) ' 11765-11766 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C23. How much work did you miss? % nonzero = 1.4 mean nonzero = 6.2 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6511=5 or 9 6513 = Cross-year variable number Name='C24 WTR UNEMP (HD-E) ' 11767 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C24. Did you miss any work in 1978 because you were unemployed or temporarily laid off? 10.7 1. Yes 60.2 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 29.0 0. Inap.; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 6514 = Cross-year variable number Name='C25 #WKS UNEMP (HD-E) ' 11768-11769 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C25. How much work did you miss? % nonzero = 10.7 mean nonzero = 10.6 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6513=5 or 9 93 6515 = Cross-year variable number Name='C26 # WKS WRKD (HD-E) ' 11770-11771 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C26. Then, how many weeks did you actually work on your main job in 1978? % nonzero = 70.6 mean nonzero = 45.9 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 6516 = Cross-year variable number Name='C27 # HR/WK WRKD (HD-E) ' 11772-11773 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C27. And, on the average, how many hours a week did you work on your main job in 1978? % nonzero = 70.6 mean nonzero = 43.6 01. One hour or less XX. Actual number of hours per week 98. 98 hours or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6515=00 6517 = Cross-year variable number Name='C28 WTR WRK OT (HD-E) ' 11774 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C28. Did you work any overtime which isn't included in that? 18.7 1. Yes 51.7 5. No 0.2 9. NA; DK 29.5 0. Inap.; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6515=00 94 6518 = Cross-year variable number Name='C30 SLRY/HRLY/OTR (HD-E)' 11775 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C30. Are you salaried, paid by the hour, or what? 28.6 1. Salaried 31.1 3. Paid by hour 11.1 7. Other 9. NA; DK 29.2 0. Inap.; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 6519 = Cross-year variable number Name='C31 PAY/HRLY SLRY (HD-E)' 11776-11779 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 C31. How much is your salary? % nonzero = 28.6 mean nonzero = $9.42 XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9998. $99.98 or more per hour 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; is not salaried; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6518=3-9 6520 = Cross-year variable number Name='C32 WTR PAID O'TM (HD-E)' 11780 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C32. If you were to work more hours than usual during some week, would you get paid for those extra hours of work? 8.3 1. Yes 19.4 5. No 0.4 9. NA; DK 71.9 0000. Inap.; is not salaried; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6518=3-9 95 6521 = Cross-year variable number Name='C33 PY/HR SLRY OT (HD-E)' 11781-11784 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 C33. About how much would you make per hour for that overtime? % nonzero = 8.3 mean nonzero = $10.79 XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9998. $99.98 or more per hour 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; would not get paid; is not salaried; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6518=3-9; V6520=5 or 9 6522 = Cross-year variable number Name='C34 PAY/HR HRLY (HD-E) ' 11785-11788 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 C34. What is your hourly wage rate for your regular work time? % nonzero = 31.1 mean nonzero = $6.37 XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9998. $99.98 or more per hour 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; is not paid an hourly wage; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6518=1, 7 or 9 6523 = Cross-year variable number Name='C35 PY/HR HRLY OT (HD-E)' 11789-11792 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 C35. What is your hourly wage rate for overtime? % nonzero = 28.9 mean nonzero = $9.57 XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9998. $99.98 or more per hour 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; does not get overtime; is not paid an hourly wage; unemployed; permanently disabled, retired, house-wife, student; V6492=3-8; V6518=1, 7 or 9 96 6524 = Cross-year variable number Name='C36 HOW PAID (HD-E) ' 11793 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C36. How is that? 1.0 1. Piecework 2.6 2. Commission 0.3 3. Tips; tips and salary 0.7 4. Salary plus commission 6.2 7. Other 0.2 9. NA; DK 89.0 0. Inap.; is paid a salary or hourly wage; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6518=1, 3 or 9 6525 = Cross-year variable number Name='C37 PAY/HR OT-OTR (HD-E)' 11794-11797 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 C37. If you worked an extra hour, how much would you earn for that hour? % nonzero = 7.2 mean nonzero = $10.77 XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9998. $99.98 or more per hour 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; nothing; is paid a salary or hourly wage; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, stu- dent; V6492=3-8; V6518=1, 3 or 9 6526 = Cross-year variable number Name='C38 WTR XTRA JOBS (HD-E)' 11798 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C38. Did you have any extra jobs or other ways of making money in ad- dition to your main job in 1978? 14.2 1. Yes 56.6 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 29.1 0. Inap.; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 97 6527 = Cross-year variable number Name='C39 OCC-XTRA JOB (HD-E) ' 11799-11800 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C39. What did you do? PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 10. Physicians (medical & osteopathic), Dentists 0.1 11. Other Medical and Paramedical: chiropractors, optometrists, pharmacists, veterinarians, nurses, therapists, healers, dieticians (except medical and dental technicians, see 16) 0.2 12. Accountants and Auditors 0.4 13. Teachers, Primary and Secondary Schools (including NA type) 0.4 14. Teachers, College; Social Scientists; Librarians; Archivists 0.1 15. Architects; Chemists; Engineers; Physical and Biological Scientists 0.3 16. Technicians: Airplane pilots and navigators, designers, draftsmen, foresters and conservationists, embalmers, photographers, radio operators, surveyors, technicians (medical, dental, testing, n.e.c.) 0.2 17. Public Advisors: Clergymen, editors and reporters, farm and home management advisors, personnel and labor relations workers, public relations persons, publicity workers, religious, social and welfare workers 18. Judges; Lawyers 0.9 19. Professional, technical and kindred workers not listed above MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS (EXCEPT FARM) 0.7 20. Not self-employed 0.6 31. Self-employed (unincorporated businesses) CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 40. Secretaries, stenographers, typists 0.5 41. Other Clerical Workers: agents (n.e.c.) library assistants and attendants, bank tellers, cashiers, bill collectors, ticket, station and express agents, etc., receptionists SALES WORKERS 1.3 45. Retail store salesmen and sales clerks, newsboys, hucksters, peddlers, traveling salesmen, advertising agents and sales- men, insurance agents, brokers, and salesmen, etc. CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN, AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 50. Foremen, n.e.c. 2.2 51. Other craftsmen and kindred workers 0.1 52. Government protective service workers: firemen, police, mar- shals, and constables OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.5 61. Transport equipment operatives 0.4 62. Operatives, except transport LABORERS 0.7 70. Unskilled laborers--nonfarm 0.3 71. Farm laborers and foremen 98 SERVICE WORKERS 73. Private household workers 1.7 75. Other service workers: barbers, beauticians, manicurists, bartenders, boarding and lodging housekeepers, counter and fountain workers, housekeepers and stewards, waiters, cooks, midwives, practical nurses, babysitters, attendants in physicians' and dentists' offices FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 1.0 80. Farmers (owners and tenants) and managers (except code 71) MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS 0.6 55. Members of armed forces 0.7 99. NA; DK 85.8 00. Inap.; "No" to C38; unemployed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6526=5 or 9 6528 = Cross-year variable number Name='C40 # XTRA JOBS (HD-E) ' 11801 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C40. Anything Else? mean nonzero = 1.3 11.8 1. One extra job 1.6 2. Two extra jobs 0.3 3. Three extra jobs 4. Four extra jobs 0.4 5. Five extra jobs 6. Six extra jobs 7. Seven extra jobs 8. Eight or more extra jobs 0.2 9. NA; DK 85.8 0. Inap.; no extra jobs; unemployed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6526=5 or 9 6529 = Cross-year variable number Name='C41 PAY/HR XT JOB (HD-E)' 11802-11805 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 C41. About how much did you make per hour at this? % nonzero = 13.7 mean nonzero = $9.40 XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9998. $99.98 or more per hour 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; no extra jobs; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6526=5 or 9 99 6530 = Cross-year variable number Name='C42 #WKS XTRA JOB (HD-E)' 11806-11807 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C42. And how many weeks did you work on your extra job(s) in 1978? % nonzero = 14.1 mean nonzero = 23.6 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; no extra jobs; unemployed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6526=5 or 9 6531 = Cross-year variable number Name='C43 HR/WK XTR JOB (HD-E)' 11808-11809 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C43. On the average, how many hours a week did you work on your extra job(s)? % nonzero = 14.1 mean nonzero = 18.8 01. One hour or less XX. Actual number of hours per week 98. 98 hours or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; no extra jobs; unemployed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6526=5 or 9 6532 = Cross-year variable number Name='C44 MRE WRK AVAIL (HD-E)' 11810 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C44. Was there more work available on (your job/any of your jobs) so that you could have worked more if you had wanted to? 32.2 1. Yes 38.4 5. No or don't know 0.2 9. NA 29.2 0. Inap.; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 100 6533 = Cross-year variable number Name='C45 PY/HR WK MORE (HD-E)' 11811-11814 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 C45. How much would you have earned per hour? % nonzero = 24.6 mean nonzero = $10.60 XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9998. $99.98 or more per hour 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; nothing; no more work available; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6532=5 or 9 6534 = Cross-year variable number Name='C46 WRK LESS ? (HD-E) ' 11815 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C46. Could you have worked less if you had wanted to? 20.1 1. Yes 11.8 5. No 0.2 9. NA; DK 67.9 0. Inap.; would have liked more work; unemployed; retired, per- manently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6532=5 or 9 6535 = Cross-year variable number Name='C47 WNT WRK LESS (HD-E) ' 11816 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C47. Would you have preferred to work less even if you had earned less money? 3.4 1. Yes 8.4 5. No 0.2 9. NA; DK 88.1 0. Inap.; could have worked less; unemployed; retired, per- manently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6532=5 or 9; V6534=1 101 6536 = Cross-year variable number Name='C48 WRK MORE ? (HD-E) ' 11817 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C48. Would you have liked to work more if you could have found more work? 13.9 1. Yes 24.4 5. No 0.3 9. NA; DK 61.4 0. Inap.; more work available; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6532=1 6537 = Cross-year variable number Name='C49 WRK LESS ? (HD-E) ' 11818 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C49. Could you have worked less if you wanted to? 9.2 1. Yes 15.2 5. No 0.3 9. NA; DK 75.3 0. Inap.; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6532=1; V6536=1 6538 = Cross-year variable number Name='C50 WNT WRK LESS (HD-E) ' 11819 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C50. Would you have preferred to work less even if you had earned less money? 1.9 1. Yes 13.2 5. No 0.3 9. NA; DK 84.6 0. Inap.; could have worked less; unemployed; retired, per- manently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6532=1; V6536=1; V6537=1 102 6539 = Cross-year variable number Name='C52 # MI TO WRK (HD-E) ' 11820-11821 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 C52. About how many miles is it to where you work? (one way) % nonzero = 66.1 mean nonzero = 11.2 01. One mile or less XX. Actual number of miles 98. 98 miles or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; "None" to C51; doesn't travel to work; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 6540 = Cross-year variable number Name='C53 MODE TRAV WRK (HD-E)' 11822 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C53. Do you use public transportation to get to work, have a car pool, drive by yourself, walk, or what? 4.6 1. Public transportation 2.4 2. Drive with wife 6.1 3. Car pool 47.9 4. Drive by self 2.6 5. Walk 2.4 7. Other 33.9 0. Inap.; "None" to C51; doesn't travel to work; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6539=00 6541 = Cross-year variable number Name='C54 NEW JOB ? (HD-E) ' 11823 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C54. Have you been thinking about getting a new job, or will you keep the job you have now? 12.4 1. Thinking about getting a new job 58.3 5. Keep job have now 0.2 9. NA; DK 29.1 0. Inap.; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 103 6542 = Cross-year variable number Name='C55 LKNG NEW JOB (HD-E) ' 11824 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C55. Have you been doing anything in particular about it? 7.5 1. Yes 5.0 5. No 9. NA; DK 87.5 0. Inap.; keeping job has now; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6541=5 or 9 6543 = Cross-year variable number Name='C56 WTR MOV NW JOB(HD-E)' 11825 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C56. Would you be willing to move to another community if you could earn more money there? 24.5 1. Yes 3.9 2. Maybe 6.8 3. Depends 35.4 5. No 0.3 9. NA; DK 29.1 0. Inap.; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8 104 6544 = Cross-year variable number Name='C57 WHY NOT MOVE (HD-E) ' 11826 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 C57. Why is that? 3.9 1. Age and health. Too old to move; near retirement; health/ disability 4.4 2. Financial, potentially financial. My business is here; things are good here; make enough money here; job benefits good; too expensive to move; other references to job-related expenses; plan to go to college here 1.4 3. Home ownership. Own/buying my own home; cannot sell my home 22.2 4. Family and location ties. Like my job; satisfied; like it here; don't want to leave location/family/friends/neighbors, etc.; established here; have roots here; been here too long; born and raised here 1.1 5. Don't like to move. Tired of moving; just moved; "not going to move" 1.1 7. Other 1.0 9. NA; DK 65.0 0. Inap.; would move for job; employed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=3-8; V6543=1-3, 9 105 6545 = Cross-year variable number Name='D1 OCC-JOB SOUGHT (HD-U)' 11827-11828 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D1. What kind of job are you looking for? PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 10. Physicians (medical & osteopathic), Dentists 11. Other Medical and Paramedical: chiropractors, optometrists, pharmacists, veterinarians, nurses, therapists, healers, dieticians (except medical and dental technicians, see 16) 12. Accountants and Auditors 13. Teachers, Primary and Secondary Schools (including NA type) 14. Teachers, College; Social Scientists; Librarians; Archivists 15. Architects; Chemists; Engineers; Physical and Biological Scientists 0.1 16. Technicians: Airplane pilots and navigators, designers, draftsmen, foresters and conservationists, embalmers, photographers, radio operators, surveyors, technicians (medical, dental, testing, n.e.c.) 0.1 17. Public Advisors: Clergymen, editors and reporters, farm and home management advisors, personnel and labor relations workers, public relations persons, publicity workers, religious, social and welfare workers 18. Judges; Lawyers 0.1 19. Professional, technical and kindred workers not listed above MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS (EXCEPT FARM) 20. Not self-employed 31. Self-employed (unincorporated businesses) CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 40. Secretaries, stenographers, typists 0.3 41. Other Clerical Workers: agents (n.e.c.) library assistants and attendants, bank tellers, cashiers, bill collectors, ticket, station and express agents, etc., receptionists SALES WORKERS 0.2 45. Retail store salesmen and sales clerks, newsboys, hucksters, peddlers, traveling salesmen, advertising agents and sales- men, insurance agents, brokers, and salesmen, etc. CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN, AND KINDRED WORKERS 50. Foremen, n.e.c. 0.3 51. Other craftsmen and kindred workers 52. Government protective service workers; firemen, police, mar- shals, and constables OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 61. Transport equipment operatives 0.3 62. Operatives, except transport LABORERS 0.1 70. Unskilled laborers--nonfarm 71. Farm laborers and foremen 106 SERVICE WORKERS 73. Private household workers 0.3 75. Other service workers: barbers, beauticians, manicurists, bartenders, boarding and lodging housekeepers, counter and fountain workers, housekeepers and stewards, waiters, cooks, midwives, practical nurses, babysitters, attendants in physicians' and dentists' offices FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 80. Farmers (owners and tenants) and managers (except code 71) MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS 55. Members of armed forces 0.4 99. NA; DK 97.4 00. Inap.; not in labor force; employed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8 6546 = Cross-year variable number Name='D2 PY/HR JOB SGHT (HD-U)' 11829-11832 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 D2. How much would you expect to earn? % nonzero = 2.6 mean nonzero = $5.56 XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9998. $99.98 per hour or more 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8 6547 = Cross-year variable number Name='D3 WTR NEED TRNG (HD-U) ' 11833 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D3. Will you have to get any training to qualify? 0.5 1. Yes 1.9 5. No 0.1 8. Don't know 9. NA 97.4 0. Inap.; employed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8 107 6548 = Cross-year variable number Name='D4 WTR LKNG JOB (HD-U) ' 11834 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D4. Have you been doing anything in the last four weeks to find a job? 1.9 1. Yes 0.7 5. No 9. NA; DK 97.4 0. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8 6549 = Cross-year variable number Name='D5 # PLAC LKD (HD-U) ' 11835 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D5. How many places have you been to in the last few weeks to find out about a job? 0.4 1. One 0.1 2. Two 0.3 3. Three 0.1 4. Four 0.9 5. Five or more 9. NA; DK 98.2 0. Inap.; none; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6548=5 or 9 6550 = Cross-year variable number Name='D6 JOBS NOT WRTH (HD-U) ' 11836 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D6. Are there jobs around here that just aren't worth taking? 1.8 1. Yes 0.7 5. No 8. DK 9. NA 97.4 0. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8 108 6551 = Cross-year variable number Name='D7 PAY/HR UNWRTHY (HD-U)' 11837-11840 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 D7. How much do they pay? % nonzero = 1.8 mean nonzero = $3.41 XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9998. $99.98 per hour or more 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; no jobs not worth taking; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6550=5, 8 or 9 6552 = Cross-year variable number Name='D8 WTR MVE FR JOB (HD-U)' 11841 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D8. Would you be willing to move to another community if you could get a good job there? 1.9 1. Yes, maybe, or depends 0.7 5. No 9. NA; DK 97.4 0. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8 6553 = Cross-year variable number Name='D9 PAY/HR TO MOVE (HD-U)' 11842-11845 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 D9. How much would a job have to pay for you to be willing to move? % nonzero = 1.9 mean nonzero = $6.26 XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9998. $99.98 per hour or more 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; would not move for job; employed; permanently dis- abled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6552=5 or 9 109 6554 = Cross-year variable number Name='D10 WHY NOT MOVE (HD-U) ' 11846 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D10. Why is that? 0.1 1. Age and health. Too old to move; near retirement; health/ disability 0.1 2. Financial, potentially financial. My business is here; things are good here; make enough money here; job benefits good; too expensive to move; other references to job-related expenses; plan to go to college here 0.1 3. Home ownership. Own/buying my own home; cannot sell my home 0.3 4. Family and location ties. Like my job; satisfied; like it here; don't want to leave location/family/friends/neighbors, etc.; established here; have roots here; been here too long; born and raised here 5. Don't like to move. Tired of moving; just moved; "not going to move" 7. Other 9. NA; DK 99.3 0. Inap.; would move for job; employed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6552=1 or 9 6555 = Cross-year variable number Name='D11 WKS LK FR WRK (HD-U)' 11847-11848 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D11. How long have you been looking for work? % nonzero = 2.5 mean nonzero = 19.7 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 98. Ninety-eight weeks or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8 110 6556 = Cross-year variable number Name='D12 EVER HAD JOB (HD-U) ' 11849 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D12. Have you ever had a job? 2.5 1. Yes 5. No 9. NA; DK 97.4 0. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8 111 6557 = Cross-year variable number Name='D13 OCC-LAST JOB (HD-U) ' 11850-11851 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D13. What sort of work did you do in your last job? PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 10. Physicians (medical & osteopathic), Dentists 11. Other Medical and Paramedical: chiropractors, optometrists, pharmacists, veterinarians, nurses, therapists, healers, dieticians (except medical and dental technicians, see 16) 12. Accountants and Auditors 13. Teachers, Primary and Secondary Schools (including NA type) 14. Teachers, College; Social Scientists; Librarians; Archivists 15. Architects; Chemists; Engineers; Physical and Biological Scientists 16. Technicians: Airplane pilots and navigators, designers, draftsmen, foresters and conservationists, embalmers, photographers, radio operators, surveyors, technicians (medical, dental, testing, n.e.c.) 17. Public Advisors: Clergymen, editors and reporters, farm and home management advisors, personnel and labor relations workers, public relations persons, publicity workers, religious, social and welfare workers 18. Judges; Lawyers 19. Professional, technical and kindred workers not listed above MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS (EXCEPT FARM) 0.2 20. Not self-employed 31. Self-employed (unincorporated businesses) CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 40. Secretaries, stenographers, typists 0.2 41. Other Clerical Workers: agents (n.e.c.) library assistants and attendants, bank tellers, cashiers, bill collectors, ticket, station and express agents, etc., receptionists SALES WORKERS 0.1 45. Retail store salesmen and sales clerks, newsboys, hucksters, peddlers, traveling salesmen, advertising agents and sales- men, insurance agents, brokers, and salesmen, etc. CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN, AND KINDRED WORKERS 50. Foremen, n.e.c. 0.3 51. Other craftsmen and kindred workers 52. Government protective service workers; firemen, police, mar- shals, and constables OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 61. Transport equipment operatives 0.5 62. Operatives, except transport LABORERS 0.1 70. Unskilled laborers--nonfarm 71. Farm laborers and foremen 112 SERVICE WORKERS 73. Private household workers 0.6 75. Other service workers: barbers, beauticians, manicurists, bartenders, boarding and lodging housekeepers, counter and fountain workers, housekeepers and stewards, waiters, cooks, midwives, practical nurses, babysitters, attendants in physicians' and dentists' offices FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 80. Farmers (owners and tenants) and managers (except code 71) MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS 55. Members of armed forces 0.2 99. NA; DK 97.5 00. Inap.; not in labor force; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9 113 6558 = Cross-year variable number Name='D14 IND-LAST JOB (HD-U) ' 11852-11853 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D14. What kind of business was that in? The Two-Digit Industry Code 11. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing 21. Mining and Extraction MANUFACTURING DURABLES 30. Metal industries 0.1 31. Machinery, including electrical 0.1 32. Motor vehicles and other transportation equipment 0.1 33. Other durables 34. Durables, NA what MANUFACTURING NONDURABLES 0.1 40. Food and kindred products 41. Tobacco manufacturing 42. Textile mill products, apparel and other fabricated textile products, shoes 43. Paper and allied products 0.1 44. Chemical and allied products, petroleum and coal products, rubber and miscellaneous plastic products 45. Other nondurables 46. Nondurables, NA what 49. Manufacturing, NA whether durable or nondurable 0.2 51. Construction 55. Transportation 56. Communication 57. Other Public Utilities 0.5 61. Retail Trade 0.1 62. Wholesale Trade 69. Trade, NA whether wholesale or rental 0.1 71. Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 0.1 81. Repair Service 82. Business Services 0.2 83. Personal Services 0.1 84. Amusement, Recreation, and Related Services 85. Printing, Publishing, and Allied Services 0.1 86. Medical and Dental and Health Services, whether public or private 0.1 87. Educational Services, whether public or private 88. Professional and Related Services other than medical or educational 91. Armed Services 0.1 92. Government, other than medical or educational services; NA whether other 0.1 99. NA; DK 97.5 00. Inap.; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9 114 6559 = Cross-year variable number Name='D15 HPND LAST JOB (HD-U)' 11854 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D15. What happened to that job--did the company go out of business, were you laid off, or what? 0.2 1. Company folded/changed hands/moved out of town; employer died/went out of business 2. Strike; lockout 0.7 3. Laid off; fired 1.2 4. Quit; resigned; retired; pregnant; just wanted to change jobs 5. Wasn't working before this 6. Was self-employed before 0.2 7. Other (including drafted into service or any mention of serv- ice) 0.2 8. Job completed, seasonal work 9. NA; DK 97.5 0. Inap.; not in labor force; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9 6560 = Cross-year variable number Name='D16 YR LAST WRKD (HD-U) ' 11855-11856 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D16. When did you last work? XX. Last two digits of actual year 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9 6561 = Cross-year variable number Name='D18 WTR VACAT (HD-U) ' 11857 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D18. Did you take any vacation or time off during 1978? 0.9 1. Yes 1.0 5. No 9. NA; DK 98.0 0. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77, 99 115 6562 = Cross-year variable number Name='D19 # WKS VAC (HD-U) ' 11858-11859 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D19. How much vacation did you take? % nonzero = 0.9 mean nonzero = 4.3 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77,99; V6561=5 or 9 6563 = Cross-year variable number Name='D20 WTR OTR ILL (HD-U) ' 11860 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D20. Did you miss any work in 1978 because someone else in your fami- ly was sick? 0.3 1. Yes 1.7 5. No 9. NA; DK 98.0 0. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77, 99; 6564 = Cross-year variable number Name='D21 # WKS OTR ILL (HD-U)' 11861-11862 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D21. How much work did you miss? % nonzero = 0.3 mean nonzero = 1.9 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77,99; V6561=5 or 9 116 6565 = Cross-year variable number Name='D22 WTR SELF ILL (HD-U) ' 11863 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D22. Did you miss any work in 1978 because you were sick? 0.8 1. Yes 1.1 5. No 9. NA; DK 98.0 0. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77, 99 6566 = Cross-year variable number Name='D23 #WK SELF ILL (HD-U) ' 11864-11865 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D23. How much work did you miss? % nonzero = 0.8 mean nonzero = 2.5 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77,99; V6565=5 or 9 6567 = Cross-year variable number Name='D24 WTR STRIKE (HD-U) ' 11866 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D24. Did you miss any work in 1978 because you were on strike? 0.1 1. Yes 1.9 5. No 9. NA; DK 98.0 0. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77, 99 117 6568 = Cross-year variable number Name='D25 # WKS STRK (HD-U) ' 11867-11868 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D25. How much work did you miss? % nonzero = 0.1 mean nonzero = 11.3 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77, 99; V6567=5 or 9 6569 = Cross-year variable number Name='D26 WTR UNEMP (HD-U) ' 11869 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D26. Did you miss any work in 1978 because you were unemployed or temporarily laid off? 1.2 1. Yes 0.7 5. No 9. NA; DK 98.0 0. Inap.; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77, 99 6570 = Cross-year variable number Name='D27 # WKS UNEMP (HD-U) ' 11870-11871 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D27. How much work did you miss? % nonzero = 1.2 mean nonzero = 16.7 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77, 99; V6569=5 or 9 118 6571 = Cross-year variable number Name='D28 #WKS WRKD (HD-U) ' 11872-11873 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D28. Then, how many weeks did you actually work on your job in 1978? % nonzero = 2.0 mean nonzero = 34.9 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77, 99 6572 = Cross-year variable number Name='D29 HR/WK WRKD (HD-U) ' 11874-11875 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D29. And, on average, how many hours a week did you work when you worked? % nonzero = 2.0 mean nonzero = 39.1 01. One hour or less XX. Actual number of hours per week 98. 98 hours or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2,4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77,99; V6571=00 6573 = Cross-year variable number Name='D31 # MI TO WRK (HD-U) ' 11876-11877 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 D31. About how many miles was it to where you worked (one way) % nonzero = 1.9 mean nonzero = 10.7 01. One mile or less XX. Actual number of miles 98. 98 miles or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; "none" to D30; employed; permanently disabled, retired, housewife, student; never worked; V6492=1-2, 4-8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77, 99 119 6574 = Cross-year variable number Name='D32 MODE TRAV WRK (HD-U)' 11878 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 D32. Did you use public transportation to get to work, have a car pool, drive by your-self, walk, drive with your wife, or what? 0.3 1. Public transportation 2. Drive with wife 0.2 3. Car pool 1.1 4. Drive by self 0.1 5. Walk 0.1 7. Other 9. NA; DK 98.1 0. Inap.; did not travel work; "None to D30; employed; per- manently disabled, retired, housewife, student; V6492=1-2, 4- 8; V6556=5 or 9; V6560=01-77, 99; V6573=00 6575 = Cross-year variable number Name='E1 RET/HWF DIS ST (HD-R)' 11879 = Cross-year Tape Location E1. INTERVIEWER CHECKPOINT 16.3 1. Retired 10.2 5. Permanently disabled, housewife, student, or other 73.5 0. Inap.; employed; unemployed; V6492=1-3 6576 = Cross-year variable number Name='E2 YR RETIRED (HD-R) ' 11880-11881 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 E2. In what year did you retire? XX. Last two digits of actual year in which Head retired 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; employed; unemployed; permanently disabled, housewife; student; V6492=1-3; V6575=5 6577 = Cross-year variable number Name='E3 WRK FOR $ (HD-R) ' 11882 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 E3. During the last year (1978), did you do any work for money? 5.6 1. Yes 20.8 5. No 9. NA; DK 73.6 0. Inap.; employed; unemployed; V6492=1-3 120 6578 = Cross-year variable number Name='E4 OCCUPATION (HD-R) ' 11883-11884 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 E4. What kind of work did you do when you worked? (What was your oc- cupation?) PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 10. Physicians (medical & osteopathic), Dentists 11. Other Medical and Paramedical: chiropractors, optometrists, pharmacists, veterinarians, nurses, therapists, healers, dieticians (except medical and dental technicians, see 16) 12. Accountants and Auditors 13. Teachers, Primary and Secondary Schools (including NA type) 0.1 14. Teachers, College; Social Scientists; Librarians; Archivists 0.1 15. Architects; Chemists; Engineers; Physical and Biological Scientists 0.1 16. Technicians: Airplane pilots and navigators, designers, draftsmen, foresters and conservationists, embalmers, photographers, radio operators, surveyors, technicians (medical, dental, testing, n.e.c.) 0.1 17. Public Advisors: Clergymen, editors and reporters, farm and home management advisors, personnel and labor relations workers, public relations persons, publicity workers, religious, social and welfare workers 18. Judges; Lawyers 0.1 19. Professional, technical and kindred workers not listed above MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS (EXCEPT FARM) 0.3 20. Not self-employed 0.1 31. Self-employed (unincorporated businesses) CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 40. Secretaries, stenographers, typists 0.5 41. Other Clerical Workers: agents (n.e.c.) library assistants and attendants, bank tellers, cashiers, bill collectors, ticket, station and express agents, etc., receptionists SALES WORKERS 0.4 45. Retail store salesmen and sales clerks, newsboys, hucksters, peddlers, traveling salesmen, advertising agents and sales- men, insurance agents, brokers, and salesmen, etc. CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN, AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 50. Foremen, n.e.c. 0.7 51. Other craftsmen and kindred workers 52. Government protective service workers; firemen, police, mar- shals, and constables OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.3 61. Transport equipment operatives 0.4 62. Operatives, except transport LABORERS 0.4 70. Unskilled laborers--nonfarm 121 0.2 71. Farm laborers and foremen SERVICE WORKERS 0.1 73. Private household workers 1.0 75. Other service workers: barbers, beauticians, manicurists, bartenders, boarding and lodging housekeepers, counter and fountain workers, housekeepers and stewards, waiters, cooks, midwives, practical nurses, babysitters, attendants in physicians' and dentists' offices FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 0.4 80. Farmers (owners and tenants) and managers (except code 71) MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS 0.1 55. Members of armed forces 0.1 99. NA; DK 94.4 00. Inap.; employed; unemployed; not in labor force in 1978; V6492=1-3; V6577=5 or 9 122 6579 = Cross-year variable number Name='E5 INDUSTRY (HD-R) ' 11885-11886 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 E5. What kind of business was that in? 0.7 11. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing 21. Mining and Extraction MANUFACTURING DURABLES 0.1 30. Metal industries 31. Machinery, including electrical 0.1 32. Motor vehicles and other transportation equipment 0.1 33. Other durables 34. Durables, NA what MANUFACTURING NONDURABLES 0.1 40. Food and kindred products 41. Tobacco manufacturing 0.1 42. Textile mill products, apparel and other fabricated textile products, shoes 43. Paper and allied products 0.1 44. Chemical and allied products, petroleum and coal products, rubber and miscellaneous plastic products 45. Other nondurables 46. Nondurables, NA what 49. Manufacturing, NA whether durable or nondurable 0.6 51. Construction 0.1 55. Transportation 56. Communication 0.1 57. Other Public Utilities 0.8 61. Retail Trade 0.1 62. Wholesale Trade 0.1 69. Trade, NA whether wholesale or rental 0.1 71. Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 81. Repair Service 0.1 82. Business Services 0.6 83. Personal Services 0.1 84. Amusement, Recreation, and Related Services 0.1 85. Printing, Publishing, and Allied Services 0.2 86. Medical and Dental and Health Services, whether public or private 0.3 87. Educational Services, whether public or private 0.3 88. Professional and Related Services other than medical or educational 0.1 91. Armed Services 0.3 92. Government, other than medical or educational services; NA whether other 0.3 99. NA; DK 94.4 00. Inap.; employed; unemployed; not in labor force in 1978; V6492=1-3; V6577=5 or 9 123 6580 = Cross-year variable number Name='E6 # WKS WRKD (HD-R) ' 11887-11888 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 E6. How many weeks did you work last year? % nonzero = 5.6 mean nonzero = 27.0 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks worked in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; not in labor force in 1978; employed; unemployed; V6492=1-3; V6577=5 or 9 6581 = Cross-year variable number Name='E7 HR/WK WRKD (HD-R) ' 11889-11890 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 E7. About how many hours a week did you work (when you worked)? % nonzero = 5.6 mean nonzero = 29.4 01. One hour or less XX. Actual hours per week 98. 98 hours or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; not in labor force in 1978; employed; unemployed; V6492=1-3; V6577=5 or 9; V6580=00 6582 = Cross-year variable number Name='E8 WRKNG NOW (HD-R) ' 11891 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 E8. Are you still working? 1.9 1. Yes 3.3 5. No 0.4 9. NA; DK 94.4 0. Inap.; not in labor force in 1978; employed; unemployed; V6492=1-3; V6577=5 or 9 124 6583 = Cross-year variable number Name='E9 HPND LST JOB (HD-R) ' 11892 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 E9. What happened to that job--did the company go out of business, were you laid off, or what? 0.1 1. Company folded/changed hands/moved out of town; employer died/went out of business 2. Strike; lockout 0.3 3. Laid off; fired 1.9 4. Quit; resigned; retired; pregnant; needed more money; just wanted to change jobs 5. Wasn't working before this 0.1 6. Was self-employed before 0.3 7. Other--(including drafted into service or any mention of service) 0.3 8. Job was completed; seasonal work 0.2 9. NA; DK 96.7 0. Inap.; not in labor force in 1978; employed; unemployed; V6492=1-3; V6577=5 or 9; V6582=1 or 9 6584 = Cross-year variable number Name='E10 JOB IN FUT (HD-R) ' 11893 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 E10. Are you thinking of getting (a/another) job in the future? 3.5 1. Yes 22.4 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 73.9 0. Inap.; employed; unemployed; V6492=1-3 125 6585 = Cross-year variable number Name='E11 WHEN GET JOB (HD-R) ' 11894-11895 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 E11. When might that be? (How soon?) 01. One year from now, or sooner XX. Actual number of years 96. Mentions family events only, no dates given 97. Educational reasons for self only, no dates given 98. DK 99. NA 00. Inap.; employed; unemployed; did not work for money; is not thinking of getting a job in the future; V6492=1-3; V6584=5 or 9 6586 = Cross-year variable number Name='E12 TYPE JOB (HD-R) ' 11896 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 E12. What kind of job do you have in mind? 2.3 1. Mentions some explicit job or type of work, e.g., machinist, computer programmer, etc.; self-employed with mention of ex- plicit type of work/field/area 0.7 3. Mentions broad type of work, e.g., hospital work, job at fac- tory or school; self-employment with no mention of any ex- plicit type of work 0.1 5. Vague; mentions only company name 7. Mentions temporary/intermittent work 0.1 8. Other 0.4 9. NA; DK 96.4 0. Inap.; employed; unemployed; permanently disabled, housewife, student; retired 20 or more years ago; V6492=1-3; V6584=5 or 9 6587 = Cross-year variable number Name='E13 NEED TRNG (HD-R) ' 11897 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 E13. Would you have to get any training to qualify? 1.3 1. Yes 1.9 5. No 0.4 9. NA; DK 96.4 0. Inap.; not thinking about getting a job; employed; unemployed; V6492=1-3; V6584=5 or 9 126 6588 = Cross-year variable number Name='E14 LK FOR JOB (HD-R) ' 11898 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 E14. Have you been doing anything in the last four weeks to find a job? 0.7 1. Yes 2.7 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 96.4 0. Inap.; not thinking about getting a job; employed; unemployed; V6492=1-3; V6584=5 or 9 6589 = Cross-year variable number Name='E15 # PLAC LKD (HD-R) ' 11899 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 E15. How many places have you been to in the last few weeks to find out about a job? 0.3 1. One 0.1 2. Two 0.1 3. Three 4. Four 0.2 5. Five or more 9. NA; DK 99.3 0. Inap.; none; not thinking about getting a job; employed; unemployed; has been doing nothing to find a job; V6492=1-3; V6584=5 or 9; V6588=5 or 9 6590 = Cross-year variable number Name='F1 WIFE IN FU ' 11900 = Cross-year Tape Location F1. INTERVIEWER CHECKPOINT 59.4 1. Head is male who has wife in FU 12.7 2. Head is male who does not have wife in FU 27.9 3. Head is female 127 6591 = Cross-year variable number Name='F2 EMP STATUS WIFE ' 11901 = Cross-year Tape Location F2. We would like to know about what your (wife/friend) does--is she working now, looking for work, retired, a housewife, or what? 27.8 1. Working now 0.5 2. Only temporarily laid off 0.9 3. Looking for work, unemployed 3.2 4. Retired 0.7 5. Permanently disabled 25.7 6. Housewife 0.5 7. Student 8. Other 40.6 0. Inap; no wife/friend in FU; V6590=2 or 3 6592 = Cross-year variable number Name='F3 WRK SELF/OTR (WF-E) ' 11902 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F3. Does your (wife/friend) work for someone else, herself, or what? 25.9 1. Someone else 0.6 2. Both someone else and welf 1.8 3. Self only 9. NA; DK 71.7 0. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 6593 = Cross-year variable number Name='F4 WRK FOR GOVT (WF-E) ' 11903 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F4. (In her work for someone else) does she work for the federal, state, or local government? 6.1 1. Yes 20.4 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 73.5 0. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; does not work for someone else; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6592=3 or 9 128 6594 = Cross-year variable number Name='F5 JOB UNION (WF-E) ' 11904 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F5. Is her current job covered by a union contract? 4.7 1. Yes 21.7 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 73.5 0. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; does not work for someone else only; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6592=3 or 9 6595 = Cross-year variable number Name='F6 BLNG THT UNION (WF-E)' 11905 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F6. Does she belong to that labor union? 4.1 1. Yes 0.6 5. No 9. NA; DK 95.3 0. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; does not work for someone else only; current job not covered by union contract; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6592=3 or 9; V6594=5 or 9 129 6596 = Cross-year variable number Name='F7 OCCUPATION (WF-E) ' 11906-11907 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F7. What kind of work did she do? PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 10. Physicians (medical & osteopathic), Dentists 1.0 11. Other Medical and Paramedical: chiropractors, optometrists, pharmacists, veterinarians, nurses, therapists, healers, dieticians (except medical and dental technicians, see 16) 0.3 12. Accountants and Auditors 2.1 13. Teachers, Primary and Secondary Schools (including NA type) 0.3 14. Teachers, College; Social Scientists; Librarians; Archivists 15. Architects; Chemists; Engineers; Physical and Biological Scientists 0.7 16. Technicians: Airplane pilots and navigators, designers, draftsmen, foresters and conservationists, embalmers, photographers, radio operators, surveyors, technicians (medical, dental, testing, n.e.c.) 0.7 17. Public Advisors: Clergymen, editors and reporters, farm and home management advisors, personnel and labor relations workers, public relations persons, publicity workers, religious, social and welfare workers 18. Judges; Lawyers 0.3 19. Professional, technical and kindred workers not listed above MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS (EXCEPT FARM) 1.5 20. Not self-employed 0.4 31. Self-employed (unincorporated businesses) CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 3.2 40. Secretaries, stenographers, typists 6.5 41. Other Clerical Workers: agents (n.e.c.) library assistants and attendants, bank tellers, cashiers, bill collectors, ticket, station and express agents, etc., receptionists SALES WORKERS 1.8 45. Retail store salesmen and sales clerks, newsboys, hucksters, peddlers, traveling salesmen, advertising agents and sales- men, insurance agents, brokers, and salesmen, etc. CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN, AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 50. Foremen, n.e.c. 0.2 51. Other craftsmen and kindred workers 0.1 52. Government protective service workers; firemen, police, mar- shals, and constables OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.3 61. Transport equipment operatives 3.3 62. Operatives, except transport LABORERS 0.1 70. Unskilled laborers--nonfarm 0.1 71. Farm laborers and foremen 130 SERVICE WORKERS 0.2 73. Private household workers 4.6 75. Other service workers: barbers, beauticians, manicurists, bartenders, boarding and lodging housekeepers, counter and fountain workers, housekeepers and stewards, waiters, cooks, midwives, practical nurses, babysitters, attendants in physicians' and dentists' offices FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 80. Farmers (owners and tenants) and managers (except code 71) MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS 0.3 99. NA; DK 71.7 00. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanent- ly disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 131 6597 = Cross-year variable number Name='F9 INDUSTRY (WF-E) ' 11908-11909 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F9. What kind of business is that in? 0.3 11. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing 21. Mining and Extraction MANUFACTURING DURABLES 0.3 30. Metal industries 1.1 31. Machinery, including electrical 0.4 32. Motor vehicles and other transportation equipment 0.4 33. Other durables 34. Durables, NA what MANUFACTURING NONDURABLES 0.2 40. Food and kindred products 0.1 41. Tobacco manufacturing 1.4 42. Textile mill products, apparel and other fabricated textile products, shoes 0.1 43. Paper and allied products 0.4 44. Chemical and allied products, petroleum and coal products, rubber and miscellaneous plastic products 0.1 45. Other nondurables 46. Nondurables, NA what 0.2 49. Manufacturing, NA whether durable or nondurable 0.3 51. Construction 0.4 55. Transportation 0.4 56. Communication 0.2 57. Other Public Utilities 4.3 61. Retail Trade 0.4 62. Wholesale Trade 0.1 69. Trade, NA whether wholesale or rental 2.2 71. Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 0.1 81. Repair Service 0.6 82. Business Services 1.8 83. Personal Services 0.2 84. Amusement, Recreation, and Related Services 0.4 85. Printing, Publishing, and Allied Services 3.7 86. Medical and Dental and Health Services, whether public or private 4.6 87. Educational Services, whether public or private 1.1 88. Professional and Related Services other than medical or educational 0.1 91. Armed Services 1.6 92. Government, other than medical or educational services; NA whether other 0.8 99. NA; DK 71.7 00. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanent- ly disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 132 6598 = Cross-year variable number Name='F10 # MO THIS JOB (WF-E)' 11910-11912 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=999 F10. How long has your (wife/friend) had her present position? % nonzero = 28.3 mean nonzero = 55.4 001. One month or less XXX. Actual number of months 998. 998 months or more 999. NA; DK 000. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, per- manently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 6599 = Cross-year variable number Name='F12 MO START JOB (WF-E) ' 11913-11914 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F12. What month did she start this job? 01. January 02. February 03. March 04. April 05. May 06. June 07. July 08. August 09. September 10. October 11. November 12. December 99. NA 00. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanent- ly disabled, housewife, student; has had job for one year or more; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6598=012-999 133 6600 = Cross-year variable number Name='F13 HPND PREJOB (WF-E) ' 11915 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F13. What happened to the job she had before--did the company go out of business, was she laid off, promoted, not working, or what? 0.2 1. Company folded/changed hands/moved out of town; employer died/sent out of business 2. Strike; lockout 0.5 3. Laid off; fired 3.9 4. Quit; resigned; retired; pregnant; needed more money; just wanted a change in jobs; was self-employed before; still has previous job (in addition to the job in F7) 1.9 5. No previous job; first full-time or permanent job wife/friend ever had; wasn't working before this 0.5 6. Promotion 0.3 7. Other--(including drafted into service or any mention of service) 0.3 8. Job was completed; seasonal work; was a temporary job 0.2 9. NA; DK 92.3 0. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; has had job for one year or more; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6598=012-999 6601 = Cross-year variable number Name='F14 WTR OTR ILL (WF-E) ' 11916 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F14. Did your (wife/friend) miss any work in 1978 because someone else in the family was sick? 5.9 1. Yes 22.3 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 71.7 0. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 134 6602 = Cross-year variable number Name='F15 # WKS OTR ILL (WF-E)' 11917-11918 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F15. How much work did she miss? % nonzero = 5.9 mean nonzero = 1.3 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks worked in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; missed no work; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6601=5 or 9 6603 = Cross-year variable number Name='F16 WTR SELF ILL (WF-E) ' 11919 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F16. Did your (wife/friend) miss any work in 1978 because she was sick? 13.5 1. Yes 14.7 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 71.7 0. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 6604 = Cross-year variable number Name='F17 # WKS SELF ILL(WF-E)' 11920-11921 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F17. How much work did she miss? % nonzero = 13.5 mean nonzero = 2.3 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks worked in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; missed no work; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; 135 6605 = Cross-year variable number Name='F18 WTR VAC (WF-E) ' 11922 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F18. Did your (wife/friend) take any vacation or time off during 1978? 21.4 1. Yes 6.8 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 71.7 0. Inap.; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 6606 = Cross-year variable number Name='F19 # WKS VAC (WF-E) ' 11923-11924 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F19. How much vacation or time off did she take? % nonzero = 21.4 mean nonzero = 4.3 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks worked in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; missed no work; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6605=5 or 9 6607 = Cross-year variable number Name='F20 WTR STRIKE (WF-E) ' 11925 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F20. Did your (wife/friend) miss any work in 1978 because she was on strike? 0.1 1. Yes 28.1 5. No 71.7 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; unemployed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 136 6608 = Cross-year variable number Name='F21 # WKS STRIKE (WF-E) ' 11926-11927 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F21. How much work did she miss? % nonzero = 0.1 mean nonzero = 6.4 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks worked in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; missed no work; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6607=5 or 9 6609 = Cross-year variable number Name='F22 WTR UNEMP (WF-E) ' 11928 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F22. Did your (wife/friend) miss any work in 1978 because she was unemployed or temporarily laid off? 4.1 1. Yes 24.2 5. No 71.7 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; unemployed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 6610 = Cross-year variable number Name='F23 # WKS UNEMP (WF-E) ' 11929-11930 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F23. How much work did she miss? % nonzero = 4.1 mean nonzero = 15.1 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks worked in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; missed no work; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6609=5 or 9 137 6611 = Cross-year variable number Name='F24 # WKS WRKD (WF-E) ' 11931-11932 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F24. Then, how many weeks did she actually work on her main job in 1978? % nonzero = 27.6 mean nonzero = 42.1 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks worked in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; missed no work; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; 6612 = Cross-year variable number Name='F25 HR/WK WRKD (WF-E) ' 11933-11934 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F25. And, on the average, how many hours a week did she work on her main job in 1978? % nonzero = 27.6 mean nonzero = 34.9 01. One hour or less XX. Actual number of hours per week 98. 98 hours or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; no wife/friend; unemployed; retired, permanent- ly disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6611=00 6613 = Cross-year variable number Name='F26 WTR WRK OT (WF-E) ' 11935 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F26. Did your (wife/friend) work any overtime which isn't included in that? 6.5 1. Yes 21.1 5. No 72.4 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; unemployed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6611=00 138 6614 = Cross-year variable number Name='F28 SLRY/HRLY/OTR (WF-E)' 11936 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F28. Is your (wife/friend) salaried, paid by the hour, or what? 11.1 1. Salaried 13.6 3. Paid by hour 3.2 7. Other 0.1 9. NA; DK 72.0 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; unemployed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 6615 = Cross-year variable number Name='F29 PAY/HRLY SLRY (WF-E)' 11937-11940 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 F29. How much is her salary? % nonzero = 11.3 mean nonzero = $5.64 XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9998. $99.98 or more per hour 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; no wife/friend; is not salaried; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6614=3-9 6616 = Cross-year variable number Name='F30 PAY/HR HRLY (WF-E) ' 11941-11944 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9999 F30. What is her hourly wage rate for her regular work time? % nonzero = 13.7 mean nonzero = $4.46 9998. $99.98 or more per hour XXXX. Actual dollars and cents per hour 9999. NA; DK 0000. Inap.; no wife/friend; is not salaried; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6614=1, 7-9 139 6617 = Cross-year variable number Name='HOW PAID (WF-E) ' 11945 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 OTHER: How is that? (Paid other than salary or hourly--V6614=7) 0.3 1. Piecework 0.7 2. Commission 0.2 3. Tips; tips and salary 0.1 4. Salary plus commission 1.7 7. Other 0.1 9. NA; DK 96.8 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; salaried/paid by hour; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6614=1 or 3 6618 = Cross-year variable number Name='F31 WTR XTRA JOBS (WF-E)' 11946 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F31. Did your (wife/friend) have any extra jobs or other ways of making money in addition to her main job in 1978? 2.0 1. Yes 26.1 5. No 9. NA; DK 71.8 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; unemployed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 140 6619 = Cross-year variable number Name='F32 OCC-XTRA JOB (WF-E) ' 11947-11948 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F32. What did she do? PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 10. Physicians (medical & osteopathic), Dentists 11. Other Medical and Paramedical: chiropractors, optometrists, pharmacists, veterinarians, nurses, therapists, healers, dieticians (except medical and dental technicians, see 16) 12. Accountants and Auditors 0.2 13. Teachers, Primary and Secondary Schools (including NA type) 0.1 14. Teachers, College; Social Scientists; Librarians; Archivists 15. Architects; Chemists; Engineers; Physical and Biological Scientists 0.1 16. Technicians: Airplane pilots and navigators, designers, draftsmen, foresters and conservationists, embalmers, photographers, radio operators, surveyors, technicians (medical, dental, testing, n.e.c.) 0.1 17. Public Advisors: Clergymen, editors and reporters, farm and home management advisors, personnel and labor relations workers, public relations persons, publicity workers, religious, social and welfare workers 18. Judges; Lawyers 0.2 19. Professional, technical and kindred workers not listed above MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS (EXCEPT FARM) 0.1 20. Not self-employed 0.1 31. Self-employed (unincorporated businesses) CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 40. Secretaries, stenographers, typists 0.2 41. Other Clerical Workers: agents (n.e.c.) library assistants and attendants, bank tellers, cashiers, bill collectors, ticket, station and express agents, etc., receptionists SALES WORKERS 0.4 45. Retail store salesmen and sales clerks, newsboys, hucksters, peddlers, traveling salesmen, advertising agents and sales- men, insurance agents, brokers, and salesmen, etc. CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN, AND KINDRED WORKERS 50. Foremen, n.e.c. 51. Other craftsmen and kindred workers 52. Government protective service workers; firemen, police, mar- shals, and constables OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS 61. Transport equipment operatives 0.1 62. Operatives, except transport LABORERS 70. Unskilled laborers--nonfarm 71. Farm laborers and foremen 141 SERVICE WORKERS 73. Private household workers 0.3 75. Other service workers: barbers, beauticians, manicurists, bartenders, boarding and lodging housekeepers, counter and fountain workers, housekeepers and stewards, waiters, cooks, midwives, practical nurses, babysitters, attendants in physicians' and dentists' offices FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 80. Farmers (owners and tenants) and managers (except code 71) MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS 55. Members of armed forces 0.1 99. NA; DK 98.0 00. Inap.; "No" to F31; no wife/friend; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6618=5 or 9 6620 = Cross-year variable number Name='F33 #WKS XTRA JOB (WF-E)' 11949-11950 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F33. And how many weeks did your (wife/friend) work on her extra job(s) in 1978? % nonzero = 2.0 mean nonzero = 23.0 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks worked in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; missed no work; no wife/friend in FU; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6618=5 or 9 6621 = Cross-year variable number Name='F34 HR/WK XTR JOB (WF-E)' 11951-11952 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F34. On the average, how many hours a week did she work on her extra job(s)? % nonzero = 2.0 mean nonzero = 16.4 01. One hour or less XX. Actual number of hours per week 98. 98 hours or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; no wife/friend; unemployed; retired, permanent- ly disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6618=00 142 6622 = Cross-year variable number Name='F36 # MI TO WRK (WF-E) ' 11953-11954 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 F36. About how many miles is it to where she works? (one way) % nonzero = 26.5 mean nonzero = 8.0 01. One mile or less 98. Ninety-eight miles or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; "None" to F35; no wife/friend; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8 6623 = Cross-year variable number Name='F37 MODE TRAV WRK (WF-E)' 11955 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 F37. Does she use public transportation to get to work, drive with you, have a car pool, drive by herself, walk, or what? 1.6 1. Public transportation 3.1 2. Drive with head 2.0 3. Car pool 18.1 4. Drive by self 1.0 5. Walk 0.7 7. Other 0.1 9. NA; DK 73.4 0. Inap.; did not travel to work; "None" to F35; no wife/friend; unemployed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, stu- dent; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=3-8; V6622=00 143 6624 = Cross-year variable number Name='G1 OCC-JOB SOUGHT (WF-U)' 11956-11957 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G1. What kind of job is your (wife/friend) looking for? PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 10. Physicians (medical & osteopathic), Dentists 11. Other Medical and Paramedical: chiropractors, optometrists, pharmacists, veterinarians, nurses, therapists, healers, dieticians (except medical and dental technicians, see 16) 12. Accountants and Auditors 13. Teachers, Primary and Secondary Schools (including NA type) 14. Teachers, College; Social Scientists; Librarians; Archivists 15. Architects; Chemists; Engineers; Physical and Biological Scientists 16. Technicians: Airplane pilots and navigators, designers, draftsmen, foresters and conservationists, embalmers, photographers, radio operators, surveyors, technicians (medical, dental, testing, n.e.c.) 17. Public Advisors: Clergymen, editors and reporters, farm and home management advisors, personnel and labor relations workers, public relations persons, publicity workers, religious, social and welfare workers 18. Judges; Lawyers 19. Professional, technical and kindred workers not listed above MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS (EXCEPT FARM) 20. Not self-employed 31. Self-employed (unincorporated businesses) CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 40. Secretaries, stenographers, typists 0.2 41. Other Clerical Workers: agents (n.e.c.) library assistants and attendants, bank tellers, cashiers, bill collectors, ticket, station and express agents, etc., receptionists SALES WORKERS 0.1 45. Retail store salesmen and sales clerks, newsboys, hucksters, peddlers, traveling salesmen, advertising agents and sales- men, insurance agents, brokers, and salesmen, etc. CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN, AND KINDRED WORKERS 50. Foremen, n.e.c. 51. Other craftsmen and kindred workers 52. Government protective service workers; firemen, police, mar- shals, and constables OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS 61. Transport equipment operatives 62. Operatives, except transport LABORERS 70. Unskilled laborers--nonfarm 71. Farm laborers and foremen 144 SERVICE WORKERS 73. Private household workers 0.1 75. Other service workers: barbers, beauticians, manicurists, bartenders, boarding and lodging housekeepers, counter and fountain workers, housekeepers and stewards, waiters, cooks, midwives, practical nurses, babysitters, attendants in physicians' and dentists' offices FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 80. Farmers (owners and tenants) and managers (except code 71) MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS 55. Members of armed forces 0.1 99. NA; DK 99.1 00. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8 6625 = Cross-year variable number Name='G2 WTR LKG JOB (WF-U) ' 11958 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 G2. Has she been doing anything in the last four weeks to find a job? 0.7 1. Yes 0.2 5. No 9. NA; DK 99.1 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8 6626 = Cross-year variable number Name='G3 # PLAC LKD (WF-U) ' 11959 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 G3. How many places has your (wife/friend) been to in the last four weeks to find out about a job? 0.1 1. One 0.1 2. Two 0.1 3. Three 4. Four 0.3 5. Five or more 9. NA; DK 99.4 0. Inap.; none; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6625=5 or 9 145 6627 = Cross-year variable number Name='G4 WKS LK FR WRK (WF-U) ' 11960-11961 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G4. How long has she been looking for work? % nonzero = 0.8 mean nonzero = 13.5 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8 6628 = Cross-year variable number Name='G5 EVER HAD JOB (WF-U) ' 11962 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 G5. Has your (wife/friend) ever had a job? 0.9 1. Yes 5. No 9. NA; DK 99.1 00. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8 146 6629 = Cross-year variable number Name='G6 OCC-LAST JOB (WF-U) ' 11963-11964 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G6. What sort of work did your (wife/friend) do on her last job? (What was her occupation?) PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 10. Physicians (medical & osteopathic), Dentists 11. Other Medical and Paramedical: chiropractors, optometrists, pharmacists, veterinarians, nurses, therapists, healers, dieticians (except medical and dental technicians, see 16) 12. Accountants and Auditors 0.1 13. Teachers, Primary and Secondary Schools (including NA type) 14. Teachers, College; Social Scientists; Librarians; Archivists 15. Architects; Chemists; Engineers; Physical and Biological Scientists 16. Technicians: Airplane pilots and navigators, designers, draftsmen, foresters and conservationists, embalmers, photographers, radio operators, surveyors, technicians (medical, dental, testing, n.e.c.) 17. Public Advisors: Clergymen, editors and reporters, farm and home management advisors, personnel and labor relations workers, public relations persons, publicity workers, religious, social and welfare workers 18. Judges; Lawyers 19. Professional, technical and kindred workers not listed above MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS (EXCEPT FARM) 20. Not self-employed 31. Self-employed (unincorporated businesses) CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.1 40. Secretaries, stenographers, typists 0.2 41. Other Clerical Workers: agents (n.e.c.) library assistants and attendants, bank tellers, cashiers, bill collectors, ticket, station and express agents, etc., receptionists SALES WORKERS 45. Retail store salesmen and sales clerks, newsboys, hucksters, peddlers, traveling salesmen, advertising agents and sales- men, insurance agents, brokers, and salesmen, etc. CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN, AND KINDRED WORKERS 50. Foremen, n.e.c. 51. Other craftsmen and kindred workers 52. Government protective service workers; firemen, police, mar- shals, and constables OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS 61. Transport equipment operatives 0.1 62. Operatives, except transport LABORERS 70. Unskilled laborers--nonfarm 147 71. Farm laborers and foremen SERVICE WORKERS 73. Private household workers 0.3 75. Other service workers: barbers, beauticians, manicurists, bartenders, boarding and lodging housekeepers, counter and fountain workers, housekeepers and stewards, waiters, cooks, midwives, practical nurses, babysitters, attendants in physicians' and dentists' offices FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 80. Farmers (owners and tenants) and managers (except code 71) MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS 55. Members of armed forces 0.1 99. NA; DK 99.1 00. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9 148 6630 = Cross-year variable number Name='G7 IND-LAST JOB (WF-U) ' 11965-11966 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G7. What kind of business was that in? 11. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing 21. Mining and Extraction MANUFACTURING DURABLES 30. Metal industries 31. Machinery, including electrical 32. Motor vehicles and other transportation equipment 33. Other durables 34. Durables, NA what MANUFACTURING NONDURABLES 40. Food and kindred products 41. Tobacco manufacturing 0.1 42. Textile mill products, apparel and other fabricated textile products, shoes 43. Paper and allied products 44. Chemical and allied products, petroleum and coal products, rubber and miscellaneous plastic products 45. Other nondurables 46. Nondurables, NA what 49. Manufacturing, NA whether durable or nondurable 51. Construction 55. Transportation 56. Communication 57. Other Public Utilities 0.2 61. Retail Trade 62. Wholesale Trade 69. Trade, NA whether wholesale or rental 71. Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 81. Repair Service 82. Business Services 83. Personal Services 84. Amusement, Recreation, and Related Services 85. Printing, Publishing, and Allied Services 0.1 86. Medical and Dental and Health Services, whether public or private 0.1 87. Educational Services, whether public or private 88. Professional and Related Services other than medical or educational 91. Armed Services 92. Government, other than medical or educational services; NA whether other 0.1 99. NA; DK 99.1 00. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9 149 6631 = Cross-year variable number Name='G8 HPND LAST JOB (WF-U) ' 11967 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 G8. What happened to that job--did the company go out of business, was she laid off, or what? 0.1 1. Company folded/changed hands/moved out of town; employer died/went out of business 2. Strike; lockout 0.2 3. Laid off; fired 0.5 4. Quit; resigned; retired; pregnant; just wanted to change jobs 5. Wasn't working before this 6. Was self-employed before 7. Other (including drafted into service or any mention of serv- ice) 8. Job was completed; seasonal work 9. NA; DK 99.1 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked, V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9 6632 = Cross-year variable number Name='G9 YR LAST WRKD (WF-U) ' 11968-11969 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G9. When did your (wife/friend) last work? XX. Last two digits of actual year retired 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9 6633 = Cross-year variable number Name='G11 WTR VACA (WF-U) ' 11970 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 G11. Did your (wife/friend) take any vacation or time off during 1978? 0.3 1. Yes 0.3 5. No 9. NA; DK 99.3 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77, 99 150 6634 = Cross-year variable number Name='G12 # WKS VAC (WF-U) ' 11971-11972 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G12. How much vacation did she take? % nonzero = 0.3 mean nonzero = 3.4 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks worked in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77, 99 6635 = Cross-year variable number Name='G13 WTR OTR ILL (WF-U) ' 11973 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 G13. Did your (wife/friend) miss any work in 1978 because someone else in the family was sick? 0.1 1. Yes 0.5 5. No 9. NA; DK 99.3 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77, 99 6636 = Cross-year variable number Name='G14 # WKS OTR ILL (WF-U)' 11974-11975 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G14. How much work did she miss? % nonzero = 0.1 mean nonzero = 1.4 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks missed in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77, 99; V6635=5 or 9 151 6637 = Cross-year variable number Name='G15 WTR SELF ILL (WF-U) ' 11976 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 G15. Did your (wife/friend) miss any work in 1978 because she was sick? 0.3 1. Yes 0.4 5. No 9. NA; DK 99.3 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77, 99 6638 = Cross-year variable number Name='G16 #WKS SELF ILL (WF-U)' 11977-11978 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G16. How much work did she miss? % nonzero = 0.3 mean nonzero = 3.0 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks missed in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77, 99; V6637=5 or 9 6639 = Cross-year variable number Name='G17 WTR STRIKE (WF-U) ' 11979 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 G17. Did your (wife/friend) miss any work in 1978 because she was on strike? 1. Yes 0.7 5. No 9. NA; DK 99.3 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77, 99 152 6640 = Cross-year variable number Name='G18 # WKS STRK (WF-U) ' 11980-11981 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G18. How much work did she miss? % nonzero = 0 mean nonzero = 0.0 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks missed in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77, 99; V6639=5 or 9 6641 = Cross-year variable number Name='G19 WTR UNEMP (WF-U) ' 11982 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 G19. Did your (wife/friend) miss any work in 1978 because she was unemployed or temporarily laid off? 0.4 1. Yes 0.3 5. No 9. NA; DK 99.3 0. Inap.; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77, 99 6642 = Cross-year variable number Name='G20 # WKS UNEMP (WF-U) ' 11983-11984 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G20. How much work did she miss? % nonzero = 0.4 mean nonzero = 17.9 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks missed in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77, 99; V6641=5 or 9 153 6643 = Cross-year variable number Name='G21 # WKS WRKD (WF-U) ' 11985-11986 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G21. Then, how many weeks did she actually work on her job in 1978? % nonzero = 0.6 mean nonzero = 30.8 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks worked in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; None; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3;V6591=1-2,4-8;V6628=5 or 9;V6632= 01-77,99 6644 = Cross-year variable number Name='G22 HR/WK WRKD (WF-U) ' 11987-11988 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G22. And, on average, how many hours a week did she work when she worked? % nonzero = 0.6 mean nonzero = 35.4 01. One hour or less XX. Actual hours worked per week 98. Ninety-eight hours or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; None; no wife/friend; employed; retired, permanently disabled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3;V6591=1-2,4-8; V6628=5 or 9;V6632=01-77,99 6645 = Cross-year variable number Name='G24 # MI TO WRK (WF-U) ' 11989-11990 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 G24. About how many miles was it to where she worked? (one way) % nonzero = 0.6 mean nonzero = 8.8 01. One mile or less 98. Ninety-eight miles or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; "none" to G23; no wife/friend; employed; retired, per- manently disabled, housewife, student; never worked; V6590=2 or 3;V6591=1-2,4-8;V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77,99 154 6646 = Cross-year variable number Name='G25 MODE TRAV WRK (WF-U)' 11991 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 G25. Did she use public transportation to get to work, have a car pool, drive by herself, walk, drive with you (Head), or what? 1. Public transportation 0.1 2. Drive with Head 3. Car pool 0.4 4. Drive by self 0.1 5. Walk 7. Other 9. NA; DK 99.4 0. Inap; did not travel to work; "None" to G23; no wife/friend; employed; reitred, permanently disabled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-2, 4-8; V6628=5 or 9; V6632=01-77, 99; V6645=00 6647 = Cross-year variable number Name='H1 RET/HWF/DIS/ST (WF-R)' 11992 = Cross-year Tape Location H1. Interviewer Checkpoint 3.2 1. Wife is retired 26.9 5. Wife is permanently disabled, housewife, student, or other 69.9 0. Inap; no wife/friend; employed; unemployed; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3 6648 = Cross-year variable number Name='H2 YR RETIRED (WF-R) ' 11993-11994 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 H2. In what year did your (wife/friend) retire? XX. Last two digits of actual year retired 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; no wife/friend; employed; unemployed; permanently dis- abled, housewife, student; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3; V6647=5 6649 = Cross-year variable number Name='H3 WRK FOR $ (WF-R) ' 11995 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 H3. During 1978, did your (wife/friend) do any work for money? 7.1 1. Yes 22.8 5. No 9. NA; DK 70.0 0. Inap; no wife/friend; employed; unemployed; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3 155 6650 = Cross-year variable number Name='H4 OCCUPATION (WF-R) ' 11996-11997 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 H4. What kind of work did she do? (What was her occupation?) PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 10. Physicians (medical & osteopathic), Dentists 0.2 11. Other Medical and Paramedical: chiropractors, optometrists, pharmacists, veterinarians, nurses, therapists, healers, dieticians (except medical and dental technicians, see 16) 12. Accountants and Auditors 0.3 13. Teachers, Primary and Secondary Schools (including NA type) 0.1 14. Teachers, College; Social Scientists; Librarians; Archivists 15. Architects; Chemists; Engineers; Physical and Biological Scientists 0.1 16. Technicians: Airplane pilots and navigators, designers, draftsmen, foresters and conservationists, embalmers, photographers, radio operators, surveyors, technicians (medical, dental, testing, n.e.c.) 0.1 17. Public Advisors: Clergymen, editors and reporters, farm and home management advisors, personnel and labor relations workers, public relations persons, publicity workers, religious, social and welfare workers 18. Judges; Lawyers 0.1 19. Professional, technical and kindred workers not listed above MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS (EXCEPT FARM) 0.1 20. Not self-employed 0.1 31. Self-employed (unincorporated businesses) CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 0.6 40. Secretaries, stenographers, typists 1.3 41. Other Clerical Workers: agents (n.e.c.) library assistants and attendants, bank tellers, cashiers, bill collectors, ticket, station and express agents, etc., receptionists SALES WORKERS 0.6 45. Retail store salesmen and sales clerks, newsboys, hucksters, peddlers, traveling salesmen, advertising agents and sales- men, insurance agents, brokers, and salesmen, etc. CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN, AND KINDRED WORKERS 50. Foremen, n.e.c. 0.1 51. Other craftsmen and kindred workers 52. Government protective service workers; firemen, police, mar- shals, and constables OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS 156 61. Transport equipment operatives 0.6 62. Operatives, except transport LABORERS 70. Unskilled laborers--nonfarm 0.1 71. Farm laborers and foremen SERVICE WORKERS 0.2 73. Private household workers 2.4 75. Other service workers: barbers, beauticians, manicurists, bartenders, boarding and lodging housekeepers, counter and fountain workers, housekeepers and stewards, waiters, cooks, midwives, practical nurses, babysitters, attendants in physicians' and dentists' offices FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 80. Farmers (owners and tenants) and managers (except Code 71) MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS 55. Members of armed forces 0.2 99. NA; DK 92.9 00. Inap; no wife/friend; employed; unemployed; not in labor force in 1978; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3; V6649=5 or 9 157 6651 = Cross-year variable number Name='H5 INDUSTRY (WF-R) ' 11998-11999 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 H5. What kind of business was that in? 0.1 11. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing 21. Mining and Extraction MANUFACTURING DURABLES 30. Metal industries 0.1 31. Machinery, including electrical 0.1 32. Motor vehicles and other transportation equipment 0.1 33. Other durables 34. Durables, NA what MANUFACTURING NONDURABLES 0.2 40. Food and kindred products 41. Tobacco manufacturing 0.3 42. Textile mill products, apparel and other fabricated textile products, shoes 43. Paper and allied products 44. Chemical and allied products, petroleum and coal products, rubber and miscellaneous plastic products 45. Other nondurables 46. Nondurables, NA what 49. Manufacturing, NA whether durable or nondurable 51. Construction 55. Transportation 0.1 56. Communication 57. Other Public Utilities 1.7 61. Retail Trade 0.1 62. Wholesale Trade 69. Trade, NA whether wholesale or rental 0.4 71. Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 81. Repair Service 0.2 82. Business Services 1.3 83. Personal Services 84. Amusement, Recreation, and Related Services 0.1 85. Printing, Publishing, and Allied Services 0.6 86. Medical and Dental and Health Services, whether public or private 0.8 87. Educational Services, whether public or private 0.4 88. Professional and Related Services other than medical or educational 91. Armed Services 0.2 92. Government, other than medical or educational services; NA whether other 0.3 99. NA; DK 92.9 00. Inap; no wife/friend; employed; unemployed; not in labor force in 1978; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3; V6649=5 or 9 158 6652 = Cross-year variable number Name='H6 # WKS WRKD (WF-R) ' 12000-12001 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 H6. How many weeks did your (wife/friend) work last year? % nonzero = 7.1 mean nonzero = 24.2 01. One week or less XX. Actual number of weeks worked in 1978 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; none; no wife/friend; employed; unemployed; not in labor force in 1978; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3; V6649=5 or 9 6653 = Cross-year variable number Name='H7 HR/WK WRKD (WF-R) ' 12002-12003 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 H7. About how many hours a week did your (wife/friend) work? % nonzero = 7.1 mean nonzero = 29.2 01. One hour or less XX. Actual number of hours worked 98. Ninety-eight hours or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; none; no wife/friend; employed; unemployed; not in labor force in 1978; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3; V6649=5 or 9 6654 = Cross-year variable number Name='H8 WRKNG NOW (WF-R) ' 12004 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 H8. Is she still working? 1.1 1. Yes 6.0 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 92.9 0. Inap; no wife/friend; employed; unemployed; not in labor force in 1978; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3; V6649=5 or 9 159 6655 = Cross-year variable number Name='H9 HPND LST JOB (WF-R) ' 12005 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 H9. What happened to that job--did the company go out of business, was she laid off, or what? 0.2 1. Company folded/changed hands/moved out of town; employer died/went out of business 2. Strike; lockout 0.3 3. Laid off; fired 4.0 4. Quit; resigned; retired; pregnant; just want to change jobs 5. Wasn't working before this 0.1 6. Was self-employed before 0.4 7. Other (including drafted into service or any mention of serv- ice) 0.9 8. Job completed; seasonal work 0.1 9. NA; DK 94.0 0. Inap; not in labor force in 1978; no wife/friend; employed; unemployed;V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3; V6649=5 or 9; V6654=1 or 9 6656 = Cross-year variable number Name='H10 JOB IN FUT (WF-R) ' 12006 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 H10. Is your (wife/friend) thinking of getting (a/another) job in the future? 6.2 1. Yes 23.5 5. No 0.4 9. NA; DK 70.0 0. Inap; not in labor force in 1978; no wifefriend; employed; unemployed; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3 6657 = Cross-year variable number Name='H11 LK FOR JOB (WF-R) ' 12007 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 H11. Has your (wife/friend) been doing anything in the last four weeks to find a job? 1.2 1. Yes 5.0 5. No 9. NA; DK 93.8 0. Inap; not thinking about getting a job; no wife/friend; employed; unemployed; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3; V6656=5 or 9 160 6658 = Cross-year variable number Name='H12 # PLAC LKD (WF-R) ' 12008 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 H12. How many places has your (wife/friend) been to in the last four weeks to find out about a job? 0.3 1. One 0.1 2. Two 0.1 3. Three 0.1 4. Four 0.3 5. Five or more 0.1 9. NA; DK 99.0 0. Inap; none; not thinking about getting a job; no wife/friend; employed; unemployed; has been doing nothing to find a job; V6590=2 or 3; V6591=1-3; V6656=5 or 9; V6657=5 or 9 6659 = Cross-year variable number Name='J1 MARITAL STATUS ' 12009 = Cross-year Tape Location J1. Are you married, single, widowed, divorced, or separated? 58.9 1. Married 14.8 2. Single 13.5 3. Widowed 9.7 4. Divorced 3.1 5. Separated 6660 = Cross-year variable number Name='J2 EVER MARRIED ' 12010 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 J2. Were you ever married? 0.8 1. Yes 13.9 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 85.3 0. Inap; "Widowed," "Divorced," or "Separated" in J1; V6659=1, 3-5 6661 = Cross-year variable number Name='J3 WHT HAPN LST MARR ' 12011 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 J3. What happened to your last marriage--were you widowed, divorced, separated, or what? 3. Widowed 0.7 4. Divorced 0.1 5. Separated 7. Other 9. NA; DK 99.2 0. Inap; "Widowed," "Divorced," or "Separated" in J1; never mar- ried; V6659=1, 3-5; V6660=5 or 9 161 6662 = Cross-year variable number Name='J4 WIFE IN FU ' 12012 = Cross-year Tape Location J4. Interviewer checkpoint: 59.4 1. Head is male who has wife in FU 12.7 2. Head is male who does not have wife in FU 27.9 3. Head is female 6663 = Cross-year variable number Name='J5 # HRS HSWRK-WF ' 12013-12014 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 J5. About how much time does your (wife/friend) spend on housework in an average week--I mean time spent cooking, cleaning, and doing other work around the house? % nonzero = 58.9 mean nonzero = 28.5 xx. Actual number of hours per week 98. Ninety-eight hours or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; none; no wife/friend; V6662=2 or 3 6664 = Cross-year variable number Name='J6 # HRS HOWRK-HD ' 12015-12016 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 J6. About how much time do you (Head) spend on housework in an average week? (I mean time spent cooking, cleaning, and other work around the house.) % nonzero = 83.1 mean nonzero = 11.4 xx. Actual number of hours per week 98. Ninety-eight hours or more 98. NA; DK 00. Inap; none 6665 = Cross-year variable number Name='J8 OTRS HELP HSWRK ' 12017 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 J8. Does anyone else here in the household help with the housework? 30.8 1. Yes (one or more persons help) 19.3 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 49.8 0. Inap; only Head or Head and Wife in FU 162 6666 = Cross-year variable number Name='J29 RAISE OWN FOOD ' 12018 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 J29. Did you (or anyone else in your family) raise any of your own food during 1978, or do any canning or freezing? 34.9 1. Yes 65.0 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 6667 = Cross-year variable number Name='J36 CHILD UNDER 12 IN FU' 12019 = Cross-year Tape Location J36. Interviewer checkpoint: 29.7 1. Children under age 12 living in FU 70.3 5. No children under 12 in FU 6668 = Cross-year variable number Name='J37 HD/WF WORKING ' 12020 = Cross-year Tape Location J37. Interviewer Checkpoint: 3.3 1. Head is working female 10.8 2. Head is male, wife is working 0.5 3. Head is male, no wife 12.7 4. Head is male, wife is not working 2.5 5. Head is female who is not working 70.3 0. Inap; no children under 12; V6667=5 6669 = Cross-year variable number Name='J38 CHLD CARE FIRST MEN ' 12021 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 J38. How is your (youngest) child taken care of during work hours? J39. (IF IN SCHOOL) What about after school or when school is closed? First mention 1.5 1. Day care center/nursery school 4.4 2. Babysitter/friend/neighbor 3.5 3. Head and/or Wife; Wife works at home; Head and Wife work split shifts 1.7 4. Relatives in FU; siblings over 12; "each other" if someone is over 12 2.1 5. Relatives not in FU or NA whether in FU 0.5 6. Selves 0.6 7. Public schools 0.1 8. Other 0.2 9. NA: DK 85.5 0. Inap; no children under 12 in FU; Wife or female Head not working; V6667=5; V6668=4 or 5 163 6670 = Cross-year variable number Name='J38 CHLD CARE SEC MEN ' 12022 = Cross-year Tape Location J38. How is your (youngest) child taken care of during work hours? J39. (IF IN SCHOOL) What about after school or when school is closed? Second mention 1. Day care center/nursery school 0.1 2. Babysitter/friend/neighbor 0.5 3. Head and/or Wife; Wife works at home; Head and Wife work split shifts 0.4 4. Relatives in FU; siblings over 12; "each other" if someone is over 12 0.6 5. Relatives not in FU or NA whether in FU 0.2 6. Selves 3.2 7. Public schools 0.2 8. Other 9. NA: DK 94.7 0. Inap; no children under 12 in FU; Wife or female Head not working; no second mention; V6667=5; V6668=4 or 5 6671 = Cross-year variable number Name='J40 HRS CARE YNGST ' 12023-12024 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 J40. How many hours a week is your (youngest) child taken care of (not counting time in regular school)? % nonzero = 10.7 mean nonzero = 24.9 01. One hour or less XX. Actual number of hours per week 98. Ninety-eight or more hours per week 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; None; no children under 12 in FU; Wife or female Head not working; V6667=5; V6668=4 or 5 6672 = Cross-year variable number Name='J41 PAY FOR CHLD CARE ' 12025 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 J41. (Now, thinking of the care of all your children during work hours)--do you pay money for any of this child care? 6.8 1. Yes 7.1 5. No 0.4 9. NA; DK 85.6 0. Inap; no children under 12 in FU; Wife or female Head not working; V6667=5; V6668=4 or 5 164 6673 = Cross-year variable number Name='J42 WK CHLD CARE ' 12026-12027 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 J42. How much does it cost you? % nonzero = 6.8 mean nonzero = $23.78 01. One dollar or less per week 98. $98 or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; no children under 12 in FU; Wife or female Head not working; V6667=5; V6668=4 or 5; V6672=5 or 9 6674 = Cross-year variable number Name='J43 WTR ELSE IN RETURN ' 12028 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 J43. Did you (or your wife) do something (else) in return for the care? 1.2 1. Yes 12.7 5. No 0.4 9. NA; DK 85.7 0. Inap; no children under 12 in FU; Wife or female Head not working; V6667=5; V6668=4 or 5 6675 = Cross-year variable number Name='J44 HR/WK RETURN ' 12029-12030 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 J44. How much time does that take per week? % nonzero = 1.2 mean nonzero = 5.3 01. One hour or less 98. Ninety-eight or more hours 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; no children under 12 in FU; wife or female Head not working; nothing in return; V6667=5; V6668=4 or 5; V6674=5 or 9 165 6676 = Cross-year variable number Name='J45 GOVT PAY? ' 12031 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 J45. Does the government pay for any of this child care? 0.3 1. Yes 13.5 5. No 8. Don't know 0.5 9. NA 85.7 0. Inap; no children under 12 in FU; Wife or female Head not working; V6667=5; V6668=4 or 5 6677 = Cross-year variable number Name='J46 # DAYS STAY HOME ' 12032-12034 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=999 J46. In the past year how many days did someone have to stay home from work to take care of the (children/child) because these ar- rangements broke down? % nonzero = 3.2 mean nonzero = 4.1 001. One day or less 999. NA; DK 000. Inap; no children under 12 in FU; wife or female Head not working; V6667=5; V6668=4 or 5 6678 = Cross-year variable number Name='K1 HEAD FARMER ' 12035 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K1. Interviewer checkpoint: 1.8 1. Head is a farmer or rancher 98.2 5. Head is not a farmer or rancher 9. NA; DK 166 6679 = Cross-year variable number Name='K2 TOT FARM RECTS (BKT) ' 12036 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K2. What were your total receipts from farming in 1978, including soil bank payments and commodity credit loans? 0.1 1. $0-499 (include negative amounts here) 2. $500-999 0.1 3. $1,000-1,999 4. $2,000-2,999 0.1 5. $3,000-4,999 6. $5,000-7,499 7. $7,500-9,999 1.3 8. $10,000 or more 0.1 9. NA; DK 98.3 0. Inap; not a farmer; V6678=5 or 9 6680 = Cross-year variable number Name='K5 WTR BUSINESS ' 12037 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K5. Did you (R and family) own a business at any time in 1978, or have a financial interest in any business enterprise? 9.8 1. Yes 90.2 5. No 9. NA; DK 6681 = Cross-year variable number Name='K6 CORP OR UNINCORP ' 12038 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K6. Is it a corporation or an unincorporated business, or do you have an interest in both kinds? 3.2 1. Corporation 5.9 2. Unincorporated 0.3 3. Both 0.2 8. Don't know 0.1 9. NA 90.3 0. Inap; does not own a business; V6680=5 or 9 6682 = Cross-year variable number Name='K14 WTR WEL/ADC ' 12039 = Cross-year Tape Location K14. Interviewer checkpoint: 7.1 1. Head has income from ADC, AFDC, Supplemental Security Income or other welfare 92.9 5. Head did not have any income from these sources 167 6683 = Cross-year variable number Name='K15 WEL HELP PAY ' 12040 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K15. Did welfare also help with your rent or other bills? 1.4 1. Yes 4.7 5. No 1.0 9. NA; DK 93.0 0. Inap; no welfare, ADC, AFDC, or Supplemental Security Income; V6682=5 6684 = Cross-year variable number Name='K16 WHAT PAY FOR ' 12041 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K16. What did they pay for? 0.8 1. Rent, mortgage payment, property taxes 0.2 2. Utilities 3. Household appliances, furniture, clothing, personal items 4. Car, bus fare, transportation 5. Repairs to DU 6. Food (other than food stamps) 0.2 7. Medical bills 0.1 8. Other 0.1 9. NA; DK 98.6 0. Inap; welfare did not help with bills, no welfare, ADC, AFDC, or Supplemental Security Income; V6682=5; V6683=5 or 9 6685 = Cross-year variable number Name='K17 RENT PAID DIRECT ' 12042 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K17. (IF RENT) Was the rent paid directly to the landlord? 0.3 1. Yes 0.6 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 99.1 0. Inap; welfare did not help with bills; no welfare, ADC, AFDC, or Supplemental Security Income; rent not mentioned in K16; V6682=5; V6683=5 or 9 6686 = Cross-year variable number Name='K56 WTR MEDICAID ' 12043 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K56. During the past year, has anyone in the family received medical care which has been or will be paid for by Medicare or Medicaid (Medi-cal, Medical Assistance, Welfare, Medical Services)? 19.7 1. Yes 78.7 5. No 1.7 9. NA; DK 168 6687 = Cross-year variable number Name='K57 WHICH PROGRAM ' 12044 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K57. Which program was it? 12.1 1. Medicare 5.7 2. Medicaid, Medi-cal, Medical Assistance, Welfare, Medical Ser- vices 1.4 7. Other 0.3 8. Don't know 9. NA 80.4 0. Inap; no medical care paid for; V6686=5 or 9 6688 = Cross-year variable number Name='K58 WTR LUMPSUM PYTS ' 12045 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K58. Did you get any other money in 1978--like a big settlement from an insurance company, or an inheritance? 7.4 1. Yes 92.3 5. No 0.3 9. NA; DK 6689 = Cross-year variable number Name='K59 $ LMPSUM PYTS (BKT)' 12046 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K59. How much did that amount to? 1.1 1. Less than $500 1.0 2. $500-999 1.0 3. $1,000-1,999 0.6 4. $2,000-2,999 0.9 5. $3,000-4,999 0.7 6. $5,000-7,499 0.2 7. $7,500-9,999 1.4 8. $10,000 or more 0.3 9. NA; DK 92.7 0. Inap; V6688=5 or 9 6690 = Cross-year variable number Name='K60 WTR SUPPORT OTRS ' 12047 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K60. Last year did you help support anyone who doesn't live here with you now? 10.8 1. Yes 89.1 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 169 6691 = Cross-year variable number Name='K61 # OTRS SUPPORTED ' 12048 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K61. How many? 6.6 1. One 2.5 2. Two 0.8 3. Three 0.4 4. Four 0.2 5. Five 0.2 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight or more persons 9. NA; DK 89.2 0. Inap; does not support others outside FU; V6690=5 or 9 6692 = Cross-year variable number Name='K63 WTR DEPENDENT OTRS ' 12049 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K63. Were any of these people dependent on you for more than half of their total support? 3.9 1. Yes 6.9 5. No 9. NA; DK 89.2 0. Inap; does not support others outside FU; V6690=5 or 9 6693 = Cross-year variable number Name='K64 # OTR DEPENDENTS ' 12050 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K64. How many? 2.5 1. One 0.7 2. Two 0.4 3. Three 0.2 4. Four 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight or more persons 9. NA; DK 96.1 0. Inap; none; does not support others outside FU; no one dependent for more than half of their support; V6690=5 or 9; V6692=5 or 9 170 6694 = Cross-year variable number Name='K65 WOULD SUPPORT OTRS ' 12051 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K65. Would you feel you had to support your parents or other rela- tives (more) if you had more money? 31.2 1. Yes 7.3 3. Yes, qualified; depends 60.0 5. No 1.5 9. NA; DK 6695 = Cross-year variable number Name='K66 SAVINGS? ' 12052 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K66. Do you (or your family) have any savings such as checking or savings accounts or government bonds? 79.9 1. Yes 19.8 5. No 0.2 9. NA; DK 6696 = Cross-year variable number Name='K67 SAVINGS=2 MO INC ' 12053 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K67. Would they amount to as much as two months' income or more? 47.6 1. Yes 31.8 5. No 0.4 9. NA; DK 20.2 0. Inap; no savings; V6695=5 or 9 6697 = Cross-year variable number Name='K68 WTR SVNG LAST 5 YR ' 12054 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K68. Was there a time in the last five years when you had as much as two months' income saved up? 22.3 1. Yes 28.7 5. No 0.9 9. NA; DK 48.2 0. Inap; "Yes" to K67; V6696=1 or 9 171 6698 = Cross-year variable number Name='K69 WTR INFL HARD ' 12055 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K69. Prices and costs have been rising generally--are there some par- ticular increases that have hit you especially hard? 81.6 1. Yes 18.2 5. No 0.2 9. NA; DK 6699 = Cross-year variable number Name='K70 TYPE 1ST MEN ' 12056-12057 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 K70. What are they? First mention 50.2 01. Food 2.9 02. Housing: rent; property taxes; mortgage interest rates; house repairs 12.3 03. Utilities 12.8 04. Transportation: cars; gasoline; car repair; car/gasoline taxes 0.9 05. Medical care: doctors; hospitals; drugs; medical insurance 0.5 06. Taxes (other than property taxes or transportation taxes) 07. Appliances; appliance repair 0.1 08. Recreation; travel; entertainment 0.3 09. Clothing 1.1 97. Other 0.6 99. NA; DK 18.4 00. Inap; V6698=5 or 9 172 6700 = Cross-year variable number Name='K70 TYPE 2ND MEN ' 12058-12059 = Cross-year Tape Location K70. What are they? Second mention 01. Food 2.5 02. Housing: rent; property taxes; mortgage interest rates; house repairs 10.5 03. Utilities 26.2 04. Transportation: cars; gasoline; car repair; car/gasoline taxes 1.6 05. Medical care: doctors; hospitals; drugs; medical insurance 1.6 06. Taxes (other than property taxes or transportation taxes) 07. Appliances; appliance repair 0.2 08. Recreation; travel; entertainment 3.8 09. Clothing 1.7 97. Other 99. NA; DK 51.9 00. Inap; no second mention; V6698=5 or 9 6701 = Cross-year variable number Name='K71 DO ABOUT INFL ' 12060 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K71. Have you been able to do anything about it? 19.4 1. Yes 61.4 5. No 0.7 9. NA; DK 18.5 0. Inap; V6697=5 or 9 6702 = Cross-year variable number Name='K72 WHAT DONE 1ST MEN ' 12061-12062 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 K72. What have you done? First mention 9.8 01. Cut consumption of things with price increases 0.5 02. Cut consumption of something else 1.6 03. Cut consumption--cannot tell which of the above 2.9 04. Shop more carefully 0.1 05. Buy in advance; buy before prices go up 0.5 06. Paid it, by earning more (worked more, took extra job, got a raise) 2.0 07. Home production 08. Save less 1.9 97. Other 0.1 99. NA; DK 80.6 00. Inap; V6698=5 or 9; V6701=5 or 9 173 6703 = Cross-year variable number Name='K72 WHAT DONE 2ND MEN ' 12063-12064 = Cross-year Tape Location K72. What have you done? Second mention 0.9 01. Cut consumption of things with price increases 0.2 02. Cut consumption of something else 0.2 03. Cut consumption--cannot tell which of the above 1.1 04. Shop more carefully 0.1 05. Buy in advance; buy before prices go up 06. Paid it, by earning more (worked more, took extra job, got a raise) 0.5 07. Home production 08. Save less 0.4 97. Other 99. NA; DK 96.6 00. Inap; no second mention; V6698=5 or 9; V6701=5 or 9 6704 = Cross-year variable number Name='K73 INFLA VS RETIRE ' 12065 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K73. Has inflation caused you to change your ideas about retirement? 22.4 1. Yes 76.4 5. No 1.2 9. NA; DK 6705 = Cross-year variable number Name='K74 HOW CHANGED 1ST MEN ' 12066-12067 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 K74. How have they changed? First mention 4.8 01. Now planning to retire later 3.1 02. Now planning not to retire 1.9 03. Not not sure when (will/can) retire 0.2 04. Planning to retire earlier 0.3 05. Planning to retire from one job and get another 0.2 06. Went back to work 0.4 07. Might go back to work 0.6 08. Regrets retiring 4.8 09. No change in plans mentioned, but change in ideas about retirement (about how nice retirement will be, or how well can survive it) 3.6 10. Save more for retirement 1.9 97. Other 0.6 99. NA; DK 77.6 00. Inap; V6704=5 or 9 174 6706 = Cross-year variable number Name='K74 HOW CHANGED 2ND MEN ' 12068-12069 = Cross-year Tape Location K74. How have they changed? Second mention 01. Now planning to retire later 02. Now planning not to retire 03. Not not sure when (will/can) retire 04. Planning to retire earlier 0.1 05. Planning to retire from one job and get another 06. Went back to work 07. Might go back to work 08. Regrets retiring 0.2 09. No change in plans mentioned, but change in ideas about retirement (about how nice retirement will be, or how well can survive it) 0.1 10. Save more for retirement 0.1 97. Other 99. NA; DK 99.4 00. Inap; no second mention; V6704=5 or 9 6707 = Cross-year variable number Name='K75 UNION MEMBER-HD ' 12070 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K75. Do you belong to a labor union? 20.0 1. Yes 79.4 5. No 0.6 9. NA; DK 6708 = Cross-year variable number Name='K76 WIFE IN FU ' 12071 = Cross-year Tape Location K76. Interviewer checkpoint: 59.4 1. There is a Wife in FU 40.6 5. No Wife in FU 6709 = Cross-year variable number Name='K77 UNION MEMBER-WF ' 12072 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K77. Does your wife belong to a labor union? 4.4 1. Yes 54.6 5. No 0.3 9. NA; DK 40.7 0. Inap; no wife in FU; V6708=5 175 6710 = Cross-year variable number Name='K78 WTR HEALTH LMT-HD ' 12073 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K78. Do you (HEAD) have a physical or nervous condition that limits the type of work or the amount of work you can do? 22.6 1. Yes 76.7 5. No 0.7 9. NA; DK 6711 = Cross-year variable number Name='K79 HOW MUCH HLTH LMT-HD' 12074 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 K79. Does it limit your work a lot, somewhat, or just a little? 12.6 1. A lot 5.5 3. Somewhat 4.2 5. Just a little 0.2 9. NA; DK 77.5 0. Inap; does not have health problem; V6710=5 or 9 6712 = Cross-year variable number Name='L1 WTR NEW WIFE ' 12075 = Cross-year Tape Location L1. Interviewer Checkpoint: 6.2 1. Head has new Wife this year 93.8 5. Head is female; Head is male with no Wife; Head is male with same Wife as in 1978 176 6713 = Cross-year variable number Name='L2 EDUCATION-WF ' 12076-12077 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 L2. How many grades of school did your (wife/friend) finish? % nonzero = 6.1 mean nonzero = 12.5 32.6 00. None; Inap; no wife/friend; V6464=00 01. One 02. Two 03. Three 0.3 04. Four 0.5 05. Five 0.9 06. Six 0.8 07. Seven 4.1 08. Eight 2.0 09. Nine 4.9 10. Ten 3.8 11. Eleven 32.5 12. Twelve; GED 2.8 13. Thirteen 4.5 14. Fourteen 1.2 15. Fifteen 5.8 16. Sixteen 2.4 17. Seventeen or more 0.6 99. NA; DK 6714 = Cross-year variable number Name='L3 WTR OTR SCHLING-WF ' 12078 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 L3. Did she have any other schooling? 11.8 1. Yes 37.8 5. No 0.4 9. NA; DK 50.1 0. Inap; has more than twelve years of school; no wife/friend; V6464=00; V6713=13-17,99 177 6715 = Cross-year variable number Name='L4 TYPE OTR SCHLING-WF ' 12079 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 L4. What other schooling did she have? 0.1 1. Government or other subsidized program (nonmilitary)-- Man- power training; Vista; Peace Corps; Poverty Program 9.0 2. Job-specific (not codeable in 1)--Nurses' training; business school; welding; apprenticeship; repair course 0.4 3. Company-specific: on-the-job training; company training program; army/navy training course 0.5 7. Other 1.8 8. Vague; NA whether vocationally related; "college courses" 9. NA; DK 88.3 0. Inap; had no other schooling; has more than twelve years of school; no wife/friend; V6464=00; V6713=13-17,99; V6714=5 or 9 6716 = Cross-year variable number Name='L5 WTR BA/BS DEGREE-WF ' 12080 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 L6. Does she have a college degree? 8.2 1. Yes 8.5 5. No (include associate degree) 0.1 9. NA; DK 83.2 0. Inap; has twelve or fewer grades of school; no wife/friend; V6464=00; V6713=00-12,99 6717 = Cross-year variable number Name='L7 WTR ADVANCED DEGREE-W' 12081 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 L7. Does she have any advanced degrees? 1.6 1. Yes 6.6 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 91.8 0. Inap; has no degree; has twelve or fewer grades of school; no wife/friend; V6464=00; V6713=00-12,99; V6716=5 or 9 178 6718 = Cross-year variable number Name='L8 EDUC-WF'S FA ' 12082 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 L8. How much education did your (wife's/friend's) father have? 5.5 1. 0-5 grades 26.5 2. 6-8 grades; "grade school" 6.6 3. 9-11 grades; some high school; junior high 13.3 4. 12 grades; high school 1.1 5. 12 grades plus nonacademic training 3.5 6. College but no degree; Associate's degree 3.0 7. College BA and no advanced degree mentioned; normal school; college degree; "college" 1.9 8. College and advanced or professional degree 3.6 9. NA; DK 35.1 0. Inap; no wife/friend; V6464=00 6719 = Cross-year variable number Name='L9 EDUC-WF'S MO ' 12083 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 L9. How much education did your (wife's/friend's) mother have? 3.4 1. 0-5 grades 23.4 2. 6-8 grades; "grade school" 8.6 3. 9-11 grades; some high school; junior high 18.2 4. 12 grades; high school 2.0 5. 12 grades plus nonacademic training 3.9 6. College but no degree; Associate's degree 2.7 7. College BA and no advanced degree mentioned; normal school; college degree; "college" 0.4 8. College and advanced or professional degree 2.5 9. NA; DK 34.7 0. Inap; no wife/friend; V6464=00 6720 = Cross-year variable number Name='L10#YRS WRKD SINCE 18-WF' 12084-12085 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 L10. How many years altogether has your (wife/friend) worked for money since she was 18? % nonzero = 5.5 mean nonzero = 7.9 01. One year or less XX. Actual number of years 98. Ninety-eight years or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; none; wife/friend has never worked; no wife/friend; V6464=00 179 6721 = Cross-year variable number Name='L11#YRS WRKD FULLTIME-WF' 12086-12087 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 L11. How many of these years did she work full time for most or all of the year? % nonzero = 4.8 mean nonzero = 6.7 01. One year or less XX. Actual number of years 98. Ninety-eight years or more 00. Inap; none; never worked; never worked full time; no wife/ friend; V6464=00; V6720=00 6722 = Cross-year variable number Name='L12 % TIME WRKD-WF ' 12088-12089 = Cross-year Tape Location L12. During the years that she was not working full time, how much of the time did she work? % nonzero = 2.4 mean nonzero = 45.6 XX. Actual number of years 99. Ninety-nine percent 00. Inap; none worked full time; never worked; no wife/friend; V6464=00; V6720=00 6723 = Cross-year variable number Name='L13 ACC % TIME WRKD-WF ' 12090 = Cross-year Tape Location L12. Accuracy of V6722 1.1 1. Minor assignment 4.1 2. Major assignment 94.8 0. Inap; no assignment; worked full time; never worked; no wife/ friend; same wife as last year; V6464=00; V6720=00 6724 = Cross-year variable number Name='M1 WTR NEW HEAD ' 12091 = Cross-year Tape Location M1. INTERVIEWER CHECKPOINT: 8.1 1. Head is a new Head this year 91.9 5. Head is the same Head as in 1978 180 6725 = Cross-year variable number Name='M2 ST GREW UP-FA OF HD ' 12092-12093 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 M2. Where did your mother and father grow up? Father's State 01-51. State if United States 99. NA; DK state 00. Inap; foreign country 6726 = Cross-year variable number Name='M2 CO GREW UP-FA OF HD ' 12094-12096 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=999 Father's County xxx. County if United States; country if foreign 999. NA; DK county 6727 = Cross-year variable number Name='M2 ST GREW UP-MO OF HD ' 12097-12098 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 Mother's State: 01-51. State if United States 99. NA; DK state 00. Inap; foreign country 6728 = Cross-year variable number Name='M2 CO GREW UP-MO OF HD ' 12099-12101 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=999 Mother's County xxx. County if United States; country if foreign 999. NA; DK county 181 6729 = Cross-year variable number Name='M3 OCC-FA OF HD ' 12102 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M3. What was your father's usual occupation when you were growing up? 6.9 1. Professional, technical, and kindred workers 4.1 2. Managers, officials, and proprietors 5.9 3. Self-employed businessmen 6.0 4. Clerical and sales workers 19.1 5. Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers 15.1 6. Operatives and kindred workers 9.4 7. Laborers and service workers, farm laborers 22.1 8. Farmers and farm managers 10.9 9. Miscellaneous (armed services, protective workers); NA; DK 0.6 0. Inap; no father; dead; did nothing 6730 = Cross-year variable number Name='M4 OCC-HDS 1ST JOB ' 12103 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M4. Thinking of your (HEAD'S) first full-time regular job, what did you do? 9.6 1. Professional, technical, and kindred workers 1.4 2. Managers, officials, and proprietors 0.5 3. Self-employed businessmen 17.5 4. Clerical and sales workers 8.1 5. Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers 20.0 6. Operatives and kindred workers 26.6 7. Laborers and service workers, farm laborers 3.8 8. Farmers and farm managers 8.6 9. Miscellaneous (armed services, protective workers); NA; DK 3.9 0. Inap; never worked 6731 = Cross-year variable number Name='M5 # DIFF JOBS OR-HD ' 12104 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M5. Have you had a number of different kinds of jobs, or have you mostly worked in the same occupation you started in, or what? 35.3 1. Have had a number of different kinds of jobs; mentions more than two kinds of jobs 9.2 3. Both; have had a number of different kinds of jobs but mostly the same occupation; mentions two kinds of jobs 47.7 5. Mostly the same occupation; same job all of working life 3.3 9. NA; DK 4.5 0. Inap; on first job now; never worked; same Head as last year; V6730=0 182 6732 = Cross-year variable number Name='M6-10 AGE OLDEST KID-HD ' 12105-12106 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 M6-M10. Age of Head's oldest child 00. Inap.; no children XX. Actual age of Head's oldest child 99. NA age 6733 = Cross-year variable number Name='M6-10 AGE 2ND OLD KID-HD' 12107-12108 = Cross-year Tape Location M6-M10. Ages of the three oldest children: Head's second oldest child 00. Inap.; only one child XX. Actual age of Head's second oldest child 99. NA age 6734 = Cross-year variable number Name='M6-10 AGE 3RD OLD KID-HD' 12109-12110 = Cross-year Tape Location M6-M10. Ages of the three oldest children: Head's third oldest child 00. Inap.; only two children XX. Actual age of Head's third oldest child 99. NA age 6735 = Cross-year variable number Name='M6-10 TOT # KIDS-HD ' 12111-12112 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 M6-M10. Total number of children of Head % nonzero = 3.2 mean nonzero = 2.5 xx. Actual number of children 99. NA; DK 00. Inap; no children 183 6736 = Cross-year variable number Name='M6-10 # KIDS BY 25-HD ' 12113 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M6-M10. Number of children Head had by age 25 mean nonzero = 1.7 20.4 1. One 12.4 2. Two 5.7 3. Three 1.7 4. Four 0.5 5. Five 0.3 6. Six 7. Seven 0.1 8. Eight or more 1.6 9. NA; DK 57.3 0. Inap; none 6737 = Cross-year variable number Name='M11 # SIBLINGS-HD ' 12114 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M11. How many brothers and sisters did you (Head) have? mean nonzero = 3.5 15.6 1. One 16.5 2. Two 15.2 3. Three 11.6 4. Four 9.2 5. Five 6.7 6. Six 5.4 7. Seven 12.5 8. Eight or more 1.9 9. NA; DK 5.4 0. Inap; none 6738 = Cross-year variable number Name='M12 OLDER SIBS?-HD ' 12115 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M12. Were any of your brothers or sisters older than you? 66.4 1. Yes 32.5 5. No; has no brothers or sisters 1.0 9. NA; DK 184 6739 = Cross-year variable number Name='M13 HD GREW UP FARM OR ' 12116 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M13. Did you (Head) grow up on a farm, in a small town, in a large city, or what? 27.3 1. Farm; rural area; country 37.0 2. Small town; any size town, suburb 31.6 3. Large city; any size city 2.7 4. Other; several different places; combination of places 1.5 9. NA; DK 6740 = Cross-year variable number Name='M14,15 ST GREW UP-HD ' 12117-12118 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 M14, M15. In what state and county was that?--State 01-51. State, if United States 99. NA; DK state 00. Inap; foreign country 6741 = Cross-year variable number Name='M14,15 CO GREW UP-HD ' 12119-12121 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=999 M14, M15. In what state and county was that?--County xxx. County, if United States; country, if foreign 999. NA; DK county 6742 = Cross-year variable number Name='M16 # REGIONS LIVED-HD ' 12122 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M14-16. What other states or countries have you lived in? mean nonzero = 1.6 52.8 1. One (lived in 1 region) 27.9 2. Two (lived in 2 regions) 9.3 3. Three 5.5 4. Four 0.7 5. Five 0.3 6. Six 7. Seven 0.1 8. Eight or more 3.1 9. NA; DK 185 Region Code _______________________________________________________________________ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Northeast North Central Deep South Other South ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Connecticut Illinois Alabama Arkansas Maine Indiana Georgia Delaware New Hampshire Iowa Louisiana Florida New Jersey Kansas Mississippi Kentucky New York Michigan South Carolina Maryland Pennsylvania Minnesota North Carolina Rhode Island Missouri Oklahoma Vermont Nebraska Tennessee Massachusetts North Dakota Texas Ohio Virginia South Dakota Washington, D.C. Wisconsin West Virginia ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Other English Other Non-English West Speaking Speaking ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Arizona Alaska All others California Australia Colorado Canada Idaho Hawaii Montana New Zealand Nevada South Africa New Mexico United Kingdom Oregon West Indies Utah Washington Wyoming ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 6743 = Cross-year variable number Name='M16 # STATES LIVED-HD ' 12123 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M14-16. What other states or counties have you lived in? mean nonzero = 2.0 42.2 1. Lived in one state/country 26.2 2. Lived in two states/countries 11.8 3. Lived in three states/countries 12.2 4. Lived in four states/countries 2.0 5. Lived in five states/countries 1.0 6. Lived in six states/countries 0.4 7. Lived in seven states/countries 0.9 8. Lived in eight or more states/countries 3.0 9. NA; DK 186 6744 = Cross-year variable number Name='M17 EVERMVD FOR JOB-HD ' 12124 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M17. Have you ever moved out of a community where you were living in order to take a job somewhere else? 23.8 1. Yes 65.2 5. No 11.0 9. NA; DK 6745 = Cross-year variable number Name='M18 NOTMV FOR JOB-HD ' 12125 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M18. (If "No" to M17) Have you ever turned down a job because you did not want to move? 6.7 1. Yes 52.6 5. No 5.9 9. NA; DK 34.8 0. Inap.; has never moved for job; V6744=1 or 9 6746 = Cross-year variable number Name='M19 PARENTS POOR OR? ' 12126 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M19. Were your parents poor when you were growing up, pretty well- off, or what? 38.2 1. Poor 38.9 3. Average; "it varied" 18.2 5. Pretty well-off 4.6 9. NA; DK; didn't live with parents 187 6747 = Cross-year variable number Name='M20-21 EDUC-HD'S FA ' 12127 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M20. How much education did your (HEAD'S) father have? M21. (IF LESS THAN SIX GRADES) Could he read and write? 8.4 1. 0-5 grades 45.5 2. 6-8 grades; "grade school"; DK but mentions could read and write 8.9 3. 9-11 grades (some high school); junior high 16.5 4. 12 grades (completed high school); "high school" 1.4 5. 12 grades plus nonacademic training; R.N. (no further elaboration) 5.2 6. Some college, no degree; Associate's degree 4.8 7. College BA and no advanced degree mentioned; normal school; R.N. with 3 years college; "college" 2.4 8. College, advanced or professional degree, some graduate work; close to receiving degree 5.9 9. NA; DK to both M20 and M21 1.0 0. Inap.; could not read or write; NA; DK grade and could not read or write 6748 = Cross-year variable number Name='M22-23 EDUC-HD'S MO ' 12128 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M22. How much education did your (Head's) mother have? M23. (IF LESS THAN SIX GRADES) Could she read and write? 9.6 1. 0-5 grades 29.1 2. 6-8 grades; "grade school"; DK but mentions could read and write 10.6 3. 9-11 grades (some high school); junior high 27.8 4. 12 grades (completed high school); "high school" 2.1 5. 12 grades plus nonacademic training; R.N. (no further elaboration) 5.3 6. Some college, no degree; Associate's degree 3.8 7. College BA and no advanced degree mentioned; normal school; R.N. with 3 years college; "college" 1.1 8. College, advanced or professional degree, some graduate work; close to receiving degree 9.9 9. NA; DK to both M22 and M23 0.8 0. Inap.; could not read or write; NA; DK grade and could not read or write; same head as last year 188 6749 = Cross-year variable number Name='M24 WTR HEAD VET ' 12129 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M24. Are you (Head) a veteran? 27.8 1. Yes 70.2 5. No 2.0 9. NA 6750 = Cross-year variable number Name='M25 #YR WRK SINCE 18-HD ' 12130-12131 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 M25. How many years have you worked for money since you were 18? % nonzero = 7.6 mean nonzero = 8.7 01. One year or less xx. Actual number of years worked since age 18 98. 98 years or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; never worked 6751 = Cross-year variable number Name='M26 # YR WRK FULLTIME-HD' 12132-12133 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 M26. How many of these years did you work full time for most or all of the year? % nonzero = 7.0 mean nonzero = 7.7 01. One year or less xx. Actual number of years worked full time 98. 98 years or more 99. NA; DK 00. Inap.; none; never worked; never worked full time; V6750=00 189 6752 = Cross-year variable number Name='M27 % TIME WRKD-HD ' 12134-12135 = Cross-year Tape Location M27. During the years that you were not working full time, how much of the time did you work? % nonzero = 3.2 mean nonzero = 45.7 01. One percent or less xx. Actual percent of time worked 99. Ninety-nine percent 00. Inap.; none; worked full time; never worked; V6750=00 6753 = Cross-year variable number Name='M27 ACC % TIME WRK-HD ' 12136 = Cross-year Tape Location M27. Accuracy of V6752 1.2 1. Minor assignment 4.5 2. Major assignment 94.3 0. Inap.; no assignment; worked full time; never worked; V6750=00 6754 = Cross-year variable number Name='M28 EDUCATION-HD ' 12137-12138 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 M28. How many grades of school did you (Head) finish? mean nonzero = 12.4 0.6 00. None 0.1 01. One 0.3 02. Two 0.8 03. Three 1.2 04. Four 1.1 05. Five 2.0 06. Six 2.2 07. Seven 8.7 08. Eight 4.3 09. Nine 6.6 10. Ten 6.0 11. Eleven 33.6 12. Twelve; GED 4.8 13. Thirteen 7.4 14. Fourteen 2.7 15. Fifteen 9.6 16. Sixteen 7.5 17. Seventeen or more 0.5 99. NA; DK 190 6755 = Cross-year variable number Name='M29 WTR OTR TRNG-HD ' 12139 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M29. Did you get any other training? 0.5 1. Yes 5.5 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 93.9 0. Inap.; finished more than six years of school; V6754=07-17,99 6756 = Cross-year variable number Name='M30 TYPE OTR TRNG-HD ' 12140 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M30. What was it? 1. Government or other subsidized program (nonmilitary)-- Manpower training; Vista; Peace Corps; Poverty Program 0.3 2. Job-specific (not codeable in 1)--nurses' training; business school; welding; apprenticeship; repair course 0.1 3. Company-specific--on-the-job training; company training program; army/navy training program 7. Other 0.1 8. Vague, NA whether vocationally related 9. NA; DK 99.5 0. Inap.; got no other training; finished more than six years of school; V6754=07-17,99; V6755=5 or 9 6757 = Cross-year variable number Name='M31 TROUBLE READING?-HD ' 12141 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M31. Do you have any trouble reading? 1.5 1. Yes 2.5 5. No 1.7 9. NA; DK 94.3 0. Inap.; finished more than six years of school; same Head as last year; V6754=07-17,99; V6755=5 or 9 6758 = Cross-year variable number Name='M32 WTR OTR SCHLNG-HD ' 12142 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M32. Did you have any other schooling? 21.4 1. Yes 39.4 5. No 0.3 9. NA; DK 38.9 0. Inap.; finished less than seven or more than twelve years of school; V6754=00-06, 13-17,99 191 6759 = Cross-year variable number Name='M33 TYPE OTR SCHLNG-HD ' 12143 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M33. What other schooling did you have? 0.4 1. Government or other subsidized program (nonmilitary)-- Manpower training; Vista; Peace Corps; Poverty Program 13.3 2. Job-specific (not codeable in 1)--nurses' training; business school; welding; apprenticeship; repair course 3.1 3. Company-specific--on-the-job training; company training program; army/navy training program 0.8 7. Other 3.7 8. Vague, NA whether vocationally related 0.1 9. NA; DK 78.6 0. Inap.; had no other schooling; finished less than seven or more than twelve years of school; V6754=00-06, 13-17, 99; V6758=5 or 9 6760 = Cross-year variable number Name='M35 WTR BA/BS DEGREE-HD ' 12144 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M35. Do you have a college degree? 16.9 1. Yes 15.1 5. No 0.2 9. NA; DK 67.9 0. Inap.; finished twelve or fewer grades; V6754=00-12, 99 6761 = Cross-year variable number Name='M36 WTR ADVANCED DEGR-HD' 12145 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M36. Do you have any advanced degrees? 5.2 1. Yes 11.5 5. No 0.2 9. NA; DK 83.2 0. Inap.; has no degree; finished twelve or fewer grades; V6754=00-12, 99; V6760=5 or 9 192 6762 = Cross-year variable number Name='M37 RECORD RELIG PREF ' 12146 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 M37. Now, we would like to ask for your religious preference. This involves a right that is protected by the United States Con- stitution. You are under no obligation to answer these ques- tions, and, if for any reason you decide you do not wish to answer them, we will accept and respect your decision. The in- formation requested is important to us, and we hope you will decide to answer them. May we record your religious preference? 7.7 1. Yes 0.3 5. No 0.1 9. NA; DK 6763 = Cross-year variable number Name='M38-39 RELIG PREF ' 12147 = Cross-year Tape Location M38, M39. Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, or Jewish, or what? What denomination is that? 1.6 1. Baptist 0.5 2. Methodist (including African Methodist) 0.1 3. Episcopalian 0.1 4. Presbyterian 0.3 5. Lutheran 0.2 6. Bahai; Congregationalist; Dutch Reform or Christian Reform; Latter Dat Saints or Morman; Unitarian or Universalists; Christian Church; Disciples of Christ; Evangelical and Reformed; Quaker or Society of Friends (Friends); United Church of Christ 2.0 7. Other Protestant denominations not included above; Protestant but NA; DK denomination 1.9 8. Catholic 0.4 9. Jewish 93.0 0. NA; DK religious preference; other (Greek Orthodox, Moslem, etc.); Refused to reveal religious preference; None; V6762=5 or 9; not New Head 6764 = Cross-year variable number Name='N1 WHO RESPONDENT ' 12148 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 N1. Who was respondent? (Relation to Head) 89.7 1. Head 9.2 2. Wife 0.8 7. Other than Head or Wife 0.2 9. NA 193 6765 = Cross-year variable number Name='N2 # CALLS ' 12149 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 N2. Number of calls mean nonzero = 2.9 31.6 1. One 24.5 2. Two 14.5 3. Three 9.3 4. Four 5.8 5. Five 4.2 6. Six 2.2 7. Seven 6.3 8. Eight or more 1.1 9. NA 0.4 0. Mail interview 6766 = Cross-year variable number Name='TOT 1978 FAM $ INC ' 12150-12154 = Cross-year Tape Location Total 1978 Family Money Income mean nonzero = $18,562 Summation of the following variables: V6408 Taxable Income of Head and Wife V6426 Total Transfers of Head and Wife V6428 Taxable Income of Others V6442 Total Transfers of Others 00001. One dollar or less, including zero amounts 99999. $99,999 or more 6767 = Cross-year variable number Name='TOT 1978 HEAD LABOR Y ' 12155-12159 = Cross-year Tape Location Total 1978 Labor Income of Head % nonzero = 78.0 mean nonzero = $14,644 Summation of the following variables: V6389 Labor Part of Farm Income V6390 Labor Part of Business Income V6391 Head's Wages Income V6393 Head's Bonuses, Overtime, Commissions V6394 Head's Income from Professional Practice or Trade V6395 Labor Part of Market Gardening Income V6396 Roomer XXXXX. Actual dollar amount of Head's Labor Income 99999. $99,999 or more 194 6768 = Cross-year variable number Name='TOT MISC TRAN Y H+W ' 12160-12164 = Cross-year Tape Location Total 1978 Miscellaneous Transfers of Head and Wife (total transfers minus ADC and AFDC--V6426 minus V6413) % nonzero = 48.5 mean nonzero = $3,747 xxxxx. Actual dollar amount of transfers 99999. $99,999 or more 6769 = Cross-year variable number Name='TOT 1978 FAM /NEEDS ' 12165-12168 = Cross-year Tape Location Total 1979 Family Money Income/Needs (1979) mean nonzero = 6.1 Total 1979 family money income (V6766) divided by 1978 family needs (V6364). This ratio is multiplied by 1.25 for farmers (those coded 80 in V6497 or V6557) to adjust for lower food costs. This is the only measure of income to needs on this tape which makes this adjustment for farmers. xx.xx. Actual income/needs ratio 99.99. Income/needs ratio of 99.99 or more 6770 = Cross-year variable number Name='ANNUAL FOOD STD ' 12169-12172 = Cross-year Tape Location Annual Food Standard mean nonzero = 903.6 This variable is generated by multiplying the weekly food needs (V6363) by 52 and then making the following adjustments for economies of scale: Add 20 percent for one-person families, 10 percent for two- person families, 5 percent for three-person families, and subtract 5 percent for five-person families and 10 percent for families with six or more persons. xxxx. Food standard for 1979 family 9999. Food standard of $9,999 or more 195 6771 = Cross-year variable number Name='HEAD 78 AVG HRLY EARNING' 12173-12176 = Cross-year Tape Location 1978 Average Hourly Earnings--Head % nonzero = 78.0 mean nonzero = $7.48 1978 labor income of Head (sum V6389-V6391 and V6393-V6396)/1978 hours of work of Head (V6336) xx.xx. 1978 average hourly earnings 00.00. Zero hourly earnings or Head did not work for money; (sum V6389-V6391 and V6393-V6396=00000 and V6331=00000) 99.99. $99.99 per hour or more 6772 = Cross-year variable number Name='WIFE 78 AVG HRLY EARNING' 12177-12180 = Cross-year Tape Location 1978 Average Hourly Earnings--Wife % nonzero = 35.2 mean nonzero = $4.91 1978 labor income of Wife (V6398/1978 hours of work for money of Wife (V6348)) xx.xx. 1978 average hourly earnings 00.00. Zero hourly earnings; Wife did not work for money; no Wife; V6464=00 or V6398=00000 and V6348=0000 6773 = Cross-year variable number Name='REGION - 1979 INT ' 12181 = Cross-year Tape Location Region at Time of 1979 Interview 22.2 1. Northeast 28.7 2. North Central 30.1 3. South 18.4 4. West 0.1 5. Alaska, Hawaii 0.4 6. Foreign Country 9. NA 196 6774 = Cross-year variable number Name='REGION 79 HD GREW UP ' 12182 = Cross-year Tape Location Region Where 1979 Head of Family Grew Up (about ages 6-16) 22.6 1. Northeast 31.1 2. North Central 30.0 3. South 11.3 4. West 0.1 5. Alaska, Hawaii 3.5 6. Foreign Country 1.4 9. NA region where 1979 Head grew up 6775 = Cross-year variable number Name='REGION 79 HD FA GREW UP ' 12183 = Cross-year Tape Location Region Where Father of 1979 Head Grew Up 18.3 1. Northeast 27.7 2. North Central 33.6 3. South 5.1 4. West 5. Alaska, Hawaii 13.0 6. Foreign Country 2.3 9. NA where father of 1979 Head grew up 6776 = Cross-year variable number Name='REGION 79 HD MO GREW UP ' 12184 = Cross-year Tape Location Region Where Mother of 1979 Head Grew Up 18.5 1. Northeast 28.8 2. North Central 33.2 3. South 5.6 4. West 0.1 5. Alaska, Hawaii 11.9 6. Foreign Country 2.0 9. NA where mother of 1979 Head grew up 6777 = Cross-year variable number Name='GEOGRAPHIC MOBILITY ' 12185 = Cross-year Tape Location Geographic Mobility: Where Head of Family Lived at Time of 1979 Interview Versus Where Grew Up 66.0 1. Same state at both times (V6303= V6740) 11.7 2. Same region but different state (V6303 not equal to V6740 but V6743 = V6774) 20.8 3. Different regions (V6773 not equal to V6774) 1.5 9. NA (V6303 or V6740 = 99) 197 6778 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACC 78 $ Y COMPONENTS ' 12186 = Cross-year Tape Location Accuracy of 1978 Money Income Components Sum of the following: V6392 Accuracy: Head's wages income V6397 Accuracy; Head's other labor income V6399 Accuracy: Wife's labor income V6407 Accuracy: Capital income V6414 Accuracy: ADC/AFDC of Head and Wife V6425 Accuracy: Other transfers of Head and Wife V6429 Accuracy: Taxable income of others V6443 Accuracy: Transfer income of others Sums greater than 9 were truncated at 9. Sum 90.6 0 1.4 1 6.3 2 0.3 3 1.0 4 0.1 5 0.3 6 7 0.1 8 9 or more 6779 = Cross-year variable number Name='#MINOR ASSGMTS IN 79 ' 12187-12188 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Minor Assignments Made in 1979 Interview % nonzero = 9.1 mean nonzero = 1.2 Summation of the number of codes = 1 (minor assignment) in the ac- curacy variables in the variable sequence V6320 through V6443 xx. 00. zero minor assignment 198 6780 = Cross-year variable number Name='#MAJOR ASSGMTS IN 79 ' 12189-12190 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Major Assignments Made in 1979 Interview % nonzero = 17.9 mean nonzero = 1.5 Summation of the number of codes = 2 (major assignment) in the ac- curacy variables in the variable sequence V6320 through V6443. xx. 00. zero major assignments 6781 = Cross-year variable number Name='DU VALUE/ROOM - 1979 ' 12191-12195 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99999 1979 Value Per Room of Dwelling Unit mean nonzero = $9,878 [V6319 + (V6426 + V6330) x 10] / V6477 (1979 (1979 (1979 value (number of house rent of rent rooms in value) paid) received) 1979) Homeowners: House value (V6319/number of rooms (V6477) Renters: Dwelling value (assumed to be 10 times annual rent (V6326/ number of rooms (V6477) Neither owns nor rents: Dwelling value (sum of rent paid (V6326) + value of rent received free in return for services (V6330) x 10/number of rooms (V6477) xxxxx. 99999. Number of rooms in dwelling not ascertained (V6477=9) 199 6782 = Cross-year variable number Name='ACTUL MINUS REQ ROOMS 79' 12196 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Actual Minus Required Rooms for Family mean nonzero = 5 Number of rooms in dwelling unit (V6477) minus number of rooms re- quired for a family of given composition (V6362) plus 3. 0.1 0. Shortage of three or more rooms 0.3 1. Shortage of two rooms 9.3 3. Shortage of one room 9.3 3. Actual = required rooms 17.3 4. One extra room 22.0 5. Two extra rooms 21.0 6. Three extra rooms 14.2 7. Four extra rooms 9.7 8. Five or more extra rooms 2.9 9. NA actual number of rooms; V6477 = 9 6783 = Cross-year variable number Name='PERSON/ROOM IN 79 ' 12197-12198 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=99 Number of Persons Per Room (1979) mean nonzero = 1.5 Number of people in family (V6461/number of rooms in dwelling (V6477)) xx. Number of persons per room 99. NA number of rooms in dwelling or respondent shares room; V6477 = 9, 0 6784 = Cross-year variable number Name='# 18 OR OLDER IN 79 ' 12199-12200 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Adults (those aged 18 or older) in Family (1979) mean nonzero = 1.8 Number in family (V6461) minus number of children (those aged 0-17) in family (V6465) xx. Actual number of adults 200 6785 = Cross-year variable number Name='BKT AGE HEAD 1979 ' 12201 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 (Bkt. V6462) Age of Head 12.0 1. Under 25 24.6 2. 25-34 14.4 3. 35-44 15.5 4. 45-54 13.3 5. 55-64 12.0 6. 65-74 8.3 7. 75 and older 9. NA 6786 = Cross-year variable number Name='BKT AGE WIFE 1979 ' 12202 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9, 0 (Bkt. V6464) Age of Wife 8.0 1. Under 25 16.2 2. 25-34 10.3 3. 35-44 10.8 4. 45-54 7.6 5. 55-64 5.5 6. 65-74 1.0 7. 75 and older 9. NA 40.6 0. Inap; no wife 6787 = Cross-year variable number Name='EDUCATION 1979 HEAD ' 12203 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Head's Education This variable is comparable to those of previous years. 2.8 1. 0-5 grades (V6754 = 00-05 and V6757 not equal to 1) 12.6 2. 6-8 grades; "grade school" (V6754 = 06-08) 17.0 3. 9-11 grades (V6754 = 09-11) 18.5 4. 12 grades; "high school" (V6754 = 12 and V6758 not equal to 1) 15.1 5. 12 grades plus nonacademic training (V6754 = 12 and V6758 = 1) 15.8 6. College but no degree (V6754 = 13-15 or V6754 = 16-17 and V6750 not equal to 1) 11.0 7. College BA and no advanced degree (V6754 = 16-17 and V6760 = 1 and V6761 not equal 1) 5.2 8. College and advanced or professional degree (V6754 = 16-17 and V6761 = 1) 0.5 9. NA; DK (V6754 = 99) 1.5 0. Cannot read or write, or has trouble reading or writing (V6757 = 1) 201 6788 = Cross-year variable number Name='EDUCATION 1979 WIFE ' 12204 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9, 0 Wife's Education This variable is comparable to those of previous years. 0.9 1. 0-5 grades (V6713 = 00-05) 5.0 2. 6-8 grades; "grade school" (V6713 = 06-08) 9.2 3. 9-11 grades (V6713 = 09-11) 20.1 4. 12 grades; "high school" (V6713 = 12 and V6714 not equal to 1) 8.7 5. 12 grades plus nonacademic training (V6713 = 12 and V6714 = 1) 8.0 6. College but no degree (V6713 = 13-15 or V6713 = 16, 17 and V6716 not equal to 1) 5.6 7. College BA and no advanced degree (V6713 = 16-17 and V6716 = 1 and V6717 not equal to 1) 1.5 8. College and advanced or professional degree (V6713 = 16-17 and V6717 = 1) 0.4 9. NA; DK (V6713 = 99) 40.6 0. Inap.; no wife in FU 6789 = Cross-year variable number Name='78 FDRL INCM TAX CREDIT ' 12205-12207 = Cross-year Tape Location 1978 Federal Income Tax Low Income Credit--Head and Wife % nonzero = 5.4 mean nonzero = $194.40 The Federal government still allows the "negative income tax" begun in 1975; this tax credit is available to low income wage earners with dependent children and who maintain a dwelling. (See V6411 and Part I, Section 5 of this volume). This tax credit = the lesser of: a) 10% (V6408 - V6404 + V6406) or b) $400 - 10% (V6408-$4,000), whichever is smaller, but not a nega- tive number xxx. Tax credit dollars 400. Maximum credit 000. Zero tax credit; not eligible for credit 202 6790 = Cross-year variable number Name='MARITAL STATUS 79 ' 12208 = Cross-year Tape Location Marital Status This version of marital status is comparable to 1968-1976 data. 59.7 1. Married or permanently cohabitating; spouse may be in- stitutionalized and therefore not in the FU 13.7 2. Single, never legally married 13.5 3. Widowed 10.1 4. Divorced 3.1 5. Separated 6791 = Cross-year variable number Name='DECILE:78 TOT FAM $ Y ' 12209 = Cross-year Tape Location Decile on Total 1978 Family Money Income (V6766) N=799 0. $1 - 4,154 709 1. $4,155 - 6,719 669 2. $6,720 - 9,299 697 3. $9,300 - 12,103 649 4. $12,104 - 15,328 646 5. $15,329 - 18,849 626 6. $18,850 - 22,650 584 7. $22,651 - 27,473 546 8. $27,474 - 36,293 448 9. $36,294 and higher 6792 = Cross-year variable number Name='DECILE:78 INCOME/NEEDS ' 12210 = Cross-year Tape Location Decile on Total 1978 Family Money Income/Needs (V6769) N=1056 0. 0.00 - 1.80 728 1. 1.81 - 2.60 678 2. 2.61 - 3.40 661 3. 3.41 - 4.20 679 4. 4.21 - 5.10 567 5. 5.11 - 6.00 567 6. 6.01 - 7.10 498 7. 7.11 - 8.50 512 8. 8.51 - 11.00 427 9. 11.01 and higher The following variables, V6793-V6801, summate the actual number of children in the FU by various sex and age categories. Only persons whose relationship to Head are those of child, stepchild, grandchild, sibling or other relative, such as niece or nephew, are included. (Relationship to Head = 3, 4, 6, 7; these are individual-tape vari- ables.) 203 6793 = Cross-year variable number Name='#CHILDS AGE 1-2 ' 12211 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Children of Both Sexes, Ages One and Two Years 89.4 0. None 9.5 1. One 1.0 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 6794 = Cross-year variable number Name='#CHILDS AGE 3-5 ' 12212 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Children of Both Sexes, Ages Three through Five 89.8 0. None 8.8 1. One 1.3 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 6795 = Cross-year variable number Name='#CHILDS AGE 6-13 ' 12213 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Children of Both Sexes, Ages Six through Thirteen 77.3 0. None 13.9 1. One 6.7 2. Two 1.6 3. Three 0.4 4. Four 0.1 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 204 6796 = Cross-year variable number Name='#FEM CHILDS 14-17 ' 12214 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Female Children, Ages Fourteen through Seventeen 91.5 0. None 7.2 1. One 1.2 2. Two 0.1 3. Three 4. Four 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 6797 = Cross-year variable number Name='#MALE CHILDS 14-17 ' 12215 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Male Children, Ages Fourteen through Seventeen 91.3 0. None 7.5 1. One 1.0 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 6798 = Cross-year variable number Name='#FEM CHILDS 18-20 ' 12216 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Female Children, Ages Eighteen through Twenty 96.0 0. None 3.6 1. One 0.5 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 205 6799 = Cross-year variable number Name='#MALE CHILDS 18-20 ' 12217 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Male Children, Ages Eighteen through Twenty 94.6 0. None 5.1 1. One 0.3 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 6800 = Cross-year variable number Name='#FEM CHILDS 21-29 ' 12218 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Female Children, Ages Twenty-one through Twenty-nine 97.4 0. None 2.4 1. One 0.2 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 6801 = Cross-year variable number Name='#MALE CHILDS 21-29 ' 12219 = Cross-year Tape Location Number of Male Children, Ages Twenty-one through Twenty-nine 96.3 0. None 3.3 1. One 0.3 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 5. Five 6. Six 7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine or more 206 6802 = Cross-year variable number Name='RACE (FROM 1972) ' 12220 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Race Since in 1979 most interviews were taken by telephone, this variable was copied from 1972 data; splitoffs' races were assumed to be the same as those of their main families. 85.1 1. White 11.7 2. Black 2.7 3. Spanish-American 0.5 7. Other 9. NA 6803 = Cross-year variable number Name='SPLIT SAMPLE FILTER ' 12221 = Cross-year Tape Location Split Sample Filter This variable is identical for each case to V2969, a 1972 variable which randomly divided the sample into four equal parts. Splitoffs have received the same number as their main families. 24.8 1. First quarter sample 24.0 2. Second quarter sample 26.8 3. Third quarter sample 24.5 4. Fourth quarter sample 6804 = Cross-year variable number Name='12YR FAM COMP CHANGE ' 12222 = Cross-year Tape Location Twelve-Year Changes in FU Composition The highest number coded in any of the following variables is reproduced here: V542, V1109, V1809, V2410, V3010, V3410, V3810, V4310, V5210, V5710, V6310 16.1 0. No change in family members 30.0 1. Change in members other than Head or Wife 5.5 2. Head same, but Wife left/died and/or Head has new Wife 8.3 3. Wife from previous years became Head 3.4 4. Female Head got married--husband (nonsample member) became Head 26.7 5. Some sample member other than Head or Wife became Head 8.5 6. Some female other than Head got married, and nonsample member became Head 0.7 7. Female Head with husband in institution in previous year(s) became Wife, as he came home to be the Head of the FU 0.6 8. Other 207 6805 = Cross-year variable number Name='79 FAMILY WEIGHT ' 12223-12224 = Cross-year Tape Location 1979 Revised Family Weight This weight variable was completely revised in 1979 to account for marriages to nonsample persons since 1968 and for differential non- response since 1968. This year it was updated again for marriages, divorces etc., but not for nonresponse. 6806 = Cross-year variable number Name='UNSKL M CNTY LABOR SUPPL' 12225 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Whether Shortage or Surplus of Unskilled Male Labor in County, Novem- ber 1979 0.4 1. Many more jobs than applicants 7.2 2. More jobs than applicants 13.6 3. Most people able to find jobs 39.3 4. A number of unskilled workers unable to find jobs 24.5 5. Many unskilled workers unable to find jobs 15.0 9. NA 6807 = Cross-year variable number Name='UNSKL F CNTY LABOR SUPPL' 12226 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 How Does the Market for Unskilled Females Compare with the Market for Unskilled Males? November 1979 10.2 1. Better (more women able to find jobs) 47.0 2. About the same 23.7 3. Worse (fewer women able to find jobs) 2.8 4. Much worse (many fewer women able to find jobs) 16.4 9. NA 6808 = Cross-year variable number Name='UNSKLD JOB MARKET 79 ' 12227 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 How Does the Market for Unskilled Nonwhites Compare with the Market for Whites? November 1979 6.4 1. Better (more nonwhites able to find jobs) 42.5 2. About the same 25.6 3. Worse (fewer nonwhites able to find jobs) 8.4 4. Much worse (many fewer nonwhites able to find jobs) 17.1 9. NA 208 6809 = Cross-year variable number Name='TYPIC UNSKL WAGE RATE ' 12228 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 What is the Typical Wage that an Unskilled Male Worker Might Receive? November 1979 1. Under $2.00 2. $2.00-2.49 13.2 3. $2.50-2.99 33.6 4. $3.00-3.49 20.4 5. $3.50-3.99 12.4 6. $4.00 or more 20.4 9. NA 6810 = Cross-year variable number Name='DIF WAGE MALE VS FEM ' 12229 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Difference between the Typical Hourly Wage Rate for an Unskilled Male and for an Unskilled Female, November 1979 41.3 0. No difference 0.8 1. Females earn less than males by $.01 - .09 9.9 2. $ .10 - .24 difference 15.0 3. $ .25 - .49 difference 7.3 4. $ .50 - .99 difference 5.2 5. $1.00 or more 6. Females earn more than males 20.6 9. NA 6811 = Cross-year variable number Name='1979 CNTY UNEMP RATE ' 12230 = Cross-year Tape Location MD=9 Unemployment Rate in Respondent's County, November 1979 2.6 1. Under 2% 16.4 2. 2 - 3.9% 39.1 3. 4 - 5.9% 31.7 4. 6 - 8.9% 3.8 5. 9 - 10.0% 0.7 6. 10.1 - 12.0% 0.9 7. 12% or more 4.8 9. NA 209 6812 = Cross-year variable number Name='78-79 CNG MARIT STATUS ' 12231 = Cross-year Tape Location 1978-1979 Change in Marital Status 53.5 1. 1978 Head and Wife or Head and Husband of Head remained mar- ried to each other in 1979 35.3 2. 1978 Head remained unmarried in 1979 1.1 3. 1978 Head and Wife or Head and Husband of Head were married in 1978; 1979 Head is one of these two individuals and divorced or separated (Included here are cohabitors who have moved apart) 0.8 4. 1978 Head and Wife or Head and Husband of Head were married in 1978; 1979 Head is one of these two individuals and is widowed 3.9 5. 1978 Head was unmarried in 1978 but was married by 1979 and had either stayed Head or became Wife or Husband of Head by 1979 6. 1978 Head and Wife or Head and Husband of Head were married in 1978, became divorced and remarried by 1979 7. 1978 Head and Wife or Head and Husband of Head were married in 1978, became widowed and remarried by 1979 5.2 8. Other, including sons or daughters who split off 6813 = Cross-year variable number Name='ST AFDC BASIC NEED ALLOW' 12232 = Cross-year Tape Location AFDC Maximum Monthly Allowance by state for all basic needs for a family of four (1 adult, 3 children). (See section on "Generated Variables and Additional Data" for details) xxx. Actual amount 000. Foreign; state not ascertained 210 SECTION III INDEXES 211 212 Part 4: Index of the 1979 Employment Sections This index compares all the variables from the employment sections for Heads (C, D & E) and Wives of Heads (F, G & H). The Wives' employment questions have been expanded this year from one to three sections parallel- ing the Heads' three employment sections, although not quite as complete. If there is a Wife of Head in the Family Unit, V6590=1. Which section gets asked is based on employment status (V6492 for Heads, V6591 for Wives). Many of these variables represent the same or similar questions asked in more than one section. In analysis it might be desirable, for instance, to look at weeks worked in 1978 for all Heads regardless of whether they are currently employed or not. With the tabulations in this index, the user can tell at a glance whether or not the same question was asked of all Heads. Using the example given above, one could generate a new variable on weeks worked in 1978 simply by adding V6515 + V6571 + V6580; since one, and only one, of these variables contains this information for each Head, the other two containing zeros show that the question is inappropriate. Footnotes indicate variables where the wording or framework of the questions vary significantly from those they are compared to. 213 1979 Comparative Index for Employment Sections C & F (Employed or Only Temporarily Laid Off); D & G (Unemployed, Looking for Work); E & H (Retired, Disabled, Housewife, Student, Other) Sections C, D & E are for Heads and Sections F, G & H are for Wives ______________________________________________________________________ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Employed Unemployed Retired, etc. ----------------------------------------------------------- Descrip- C. F. tion of Head Wife D. G. E. H. Variable (V6492= (V6591= Head Wife Head Wife 1,2) 1,2) (V6492=3) (V6591=3) (V6492=4-8) (V6591=4-8) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Variables comparable across all sections for Heads & Wives ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Occupation 6497 6596 6557*a 6629*a 6578*b 6650*b Industry 6498 6597 6558*a 6630*a 6579*b 6651*b What Hap- 6501*c 6600*c 6559*a 6631*a 6583 6655 pened to Job Weeks 6515 6611 6571 6643 6580 6652 Worked in 1978 Hours Per 6516 6612 6572 6644 6581 6653 Week Worked in 1978 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Variables comparable across sections C & D (Heads) and F & G (Wives) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Whether 6505 6601 6563 6635 Missed Work Be- cause Others Ill in 1978 Number 6506 6602 6564 6636 Weeks Others Ill Whether 6507 6603 6565 6637 Missed Work Be- cause Self Ill in 1978 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 214 ______________________________________________________________________ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Employed Unemployed Retired, etc. ----------------------------------------------------------- Descrip- C. F. tion of Head Wife D. G. E. H. Variable (V6492= (V6591= Head Wife Head Wife 1,2) 1,2) (V6492=3) (V6591=3) (V6492=4-8) (V6591=4-8) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Variables comparable across sections C & D (Heads) and F & G (Wives) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Number 6508 6604 6566 6638 Weeks Self Ill Whether 6509 6605 6561 6633 Took Vaca- tion in 1978 Number 6510 6606 6562 6634 Weeks Vacation Taken Whether on 6511 6607 6567 6639 Strike in 1978 215 1979 Comparative Index for Employment Sections (continued) ______________________________________________________________________ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Employed Unemployed Retired, etc. Descrip- ----------------------------------------------------------- tion C. F. of Head Wife D. G. E. H. Variable (V6492= (V6591= Head Wife Head Wife 1,2) 1,2) (V6492=3) (V6591=3) (V6492=4-8) (V6591=4-8) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Variables comparable across sections C & D (Heads) and F & G (Wives) (cont.) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Number 6512 6608 6568 6640 Weeks on Strike Whether 6513 6609 6569 6641 Unemployed in 1978 Number 6514 6610 6570 6642 Weeks Unemployed Number of 6539 6622 6573*d 6645*d Miles to Work Mode of 6540 6623 6574*d 6646*d Transpor- tation to Work ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Variables comparable between sections C & D (Heads only) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Whether 6543*e 6552*e Willing to Move to Get (bet- ter) Job Why Would 6544*e 6554*e Not Move to Get (bet- ter) Job ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 216 ______________________________________________________________________ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Employed Unemployed Retired, etc. Descrip- ----------------------------------------------------------- tion C. F. of Head Wife D. G. E. H. Variable (V6492= (V6591= Head Wife Head Wife 1,2) 1,2) (V6492=3) (V6591=3) (V6492=4-8) (V6591=4-8) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Variable comparable across sections C & E (Heads) & H (Wives) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Whether 6541 6584*f 6656*f Thinking of Getting (a/ another) Job 217 1979 Comparative Index for Employment Sections (continued) ______________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------- Employed Unemployed Retired, etc. Descrip- --------------------------------------------------- tion C. F. E. H. of Head Wife D. G. Head Wife Variable (V6492= (V6591= Head Wife (V6492= (V6591= 1,2) 1,2) (V6492=3) (V6591=3) 4-8) 4-8) -------------------------------------------------------------- Variables comparable between sections C (Heads) and F (Wives) -------------------------------------------------------------- Whether 6493 6592 Self- employed Whether 6494 6593 Employed by Govern- ment Whether 6495 6594 Current Job Covered by Union Contract Whether 6496 6595 Belongs to That Union Months 6499 6598 Worked on Present Job Month 6500 6599 Began New Job Whether 6517 6613 Worked Overtime in 1978 Whether 6518 6614 Salaried or Paid by Hour Regular 6519 6615 Salary -------------------------------------------------------------- 218 ______________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------- Employed Unemployed Retired, etc. Descrip- --------------------------------------------------- tion C. F. E. H. of Head Wife D. G. Head Wife Variable (V6492= (V6591= Head Wife (V6492= (V6591= 1,2) 1,2) (V6492=3) (V6591=3) 4-8) 4-8) -------------------------------------------------------------- Variables comparable between sections C (Heads) and F (Wives) -------------------------------------------------------------- Hourly 6522 6616 Wage Mode of 6524 6617 Pay Other Than Salaried or Hourly Wage Whether 6526 6618 Extra Job(s) in 1978 Occupa- 6527 6619 tion-- Extra Job Weeks 6530 6620 Worked on Extra Job(s) Hours Per 6531 6621 Week Worked on Extra Job(s) 219 1979 Comparative Index for Employment Sections (continued) ______________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------- Employed Unemployed Retired, etc. --------------------------------------------------- Descrip- C. F. E. H. tion of Head Wife D. G. Head Wife Variable (V6492= (V6591= Head Wife (V6492= (V6591= 1,2) 1,2) (V6492=3) (V6591=3) 4-8) 4-8) -------------------------------------------------------------- Variables for questions asked only in Section C (Heads) -------------------------------------------------------------- Whether 6502 New Job Better Why New 6503 Job Better or Worse Whether 6504 New Job Pays More Whether 6520 Paid Over- time (Salaried) Overtime 6521 Rate (Salaried) Hourly 6523 Wage for Overtime Overtime 6525 Rate for Other Mode of Pay Number of 6528 Extra Jobs Hourly Pay 6529 for Extra Job(s) 220 1979 Comparative Index for Employment Sections (continued) ____________________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------------- Employed Unemployed Retired, etc. ------------------------------------------------------- Descrip- C. F. E. H. tion of Head Wife D. G. Head Wife Variable (V6492= (V6591= Head Wife (V6492= (V6591= 1,2) 1,2) (V6492=3) (V6591=3) 4-8) 4-8) -------------------------------------------------------------------- Variables for questions asked only in section C (Heads) (cont.) -------------------------------------------------------------------- Whether 6532 Could Have Worked More Pay Rate 6533 to Work More Whether 6534, Could Have 6537 Worked Less Whether 6535, Wanted to 6538 Work Less Whether 6536 Wanted to Work More Whether 6542 Doing Any- thing About Getting Another Job -------------------------------------------------------------------- Variables comparable across sections D & E (Heads) and G & H (Wives) -------------------------------------------------------------------- Whether 6548 6625 6588 6657 Looked for Job in Last Four Weeks -------------------------------------------------------------------- 221 ____________________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------------- Employed Unemployed Retired, etc. ------------------------------------------------------- Descrip- C. F. E. H. tion of Head Wife D. G. Head Wife Variable (V6492= (V6591= Head Wife (V6492= (V6591= 1,2) 1,2) (V6492=3) (V6591=3) 4-8) 4-8) -------------------------------------------------------------------- Variables comparable across sections D & E (Heads) and G & H (Wives) -------------------------------------------------------------------- Number 6549 6626 6589 6658 Places Looked for Job -------------------------------------------------------------------- Variable comparable across sections D & E (Heads) and G (Wives) -------------------------------------------------------------------- Occupation 6545 6624 6586*g Sought 222 1979 Comparative Index for Employment Sections (continued) ______________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------- Employed Unemployed Retired, etc. --------------------------------------------------- Descrip- C. F. E. H. tion of Head Wife D. G. Head Wife Variable (V6492= (V6591= Head Wife (V6492= (V6591= 1,2) 1,2) (V6492=3) (V6591=3) 4-8) 4-8) -------------------------------------------------------------- Variable comparable between sections D & E (Heads only) -------------------------------------------------------------- Whether 6547 6587*g Need Training for Job Sought -------------------------------------------------------------- Variables comparable between sections D (Heads) and G (Wives) -------------------------------------------------------------- Number 6555 6627 Weeks Looking for Job Whether 6556 6628 Ever Employed Year Last 6560 6632 Worked -------------------------------------------------------------- Variables for questions asked only in section D (Heads) -------------------------------------------------------------- Hourly 6546 Wage Sought Whether 6550 Jobs Not Worth Taking Hourly 6551 Wage of Unworthy Jobs Pay Rate 6553 to be Willing to Move 223 1979 Comparative Index for Employment Sections (continued) ______________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------- Employed Unemployed Retired, etc. --------------------------------------------------- Descrip- C. F. E. H. tion of Head Wife D. G. Head Wife Variable (V6492= (V6591= Head Wife (V6492= (V6591= 1,2) 1,2) (V6492=3) (V6591=3) 4-8) 4-8) -------------------------------------------------------------- Variables comparable between sections E (Heads) and H (Wives) -------------------------------------------------------------- Whether 6575 6647 Retired What Year 6576 6648 Retired Whether 6577 6649 Worked for Money in 1978 Whether 6582 6654 (Still) Working Now -------------------------------------------------------------- Variable for question asked only in section E (Heads) -------------------------------------------------------------- When Might 6585 Get (a/ another) Job -------------------------------------------------------------- *aRefers to the last job held *bRefers to job held during 1978, if any. *cRefers to previous job and is only asked where Head or Wife has changed jobs in the last year. *dRefers to last job and is only asked where Head or Wife worked during 1978 or 1979. *eIn section C, this question is in terms of moving in order to earn more money. In section D, it is in terms of moving in order to get a good job. *fHead may or may not be currently employed. *gThis job is in a highly speculative framework.